THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MALAWI TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ENERGY SECTOR March 2020 Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining MALAWI TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN THE ENERGY SECTOR National Consultant: Dr. Suzgo Kaunda, Energy Sector National TNA Coordinator (Team Leader): Mr. Christopher Manda TNA Global Project Coordinator: Dr. Sara Laerke Meltofte Traerup UNEP DTU Partnership TNA Regional Expert Reviewers: Dr. Debbie Sparks University of Cape Town, South Africa Dr. Jiska De Groot University of Cape Town, South Africa TO BE CITED AS Government of Malawi, 2020. Malawi Technology Needs Assessment Report – Mitigation (Energy sector): Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining, Malawi. This publication is an output of the Technology Needs Assessment project, funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and implemented by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the UNEP DTU Partnership (UDP) in collaboration with University of Cape Town. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNEP DTU Partnership, UNEP or Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining. We regret any errors or omissions that may have been unwittingly made. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the UNEP DTU Partnership and Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining. i i i TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD................................................................................................................................... ACKNOWEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................. LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. VII LIST OF ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS ................................................................. VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... X CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ABOUT TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT PROJECT ..................................... 1 1.2 NATIONAL CONTEXT AND EXISTING NATIONAL POLICIES ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES ................................................................................ 3 1.2.1 National Context ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 Existing national policies about climate change mitigation and development priorities ................................................................................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 9 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR THE TNA AND THE STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT IN MALAWI .................................................................................................. 9 2.1. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR CONDUCTION OF TNA PROJECT IN MALAWI ............... 9 2.1.1 National Steering Committee on Climate Change ....................................................... 10 2.1.2 National Technical Committee on Climate Change .................................................... 10 2.1.3 Secretariat for implementing the TNA project and TNA Coordinator ........................ 11 2.1.4 Expert Working Groups ............................................................................................... 11 2.1.5 National TNA Consultants ........................................................................................... 11 2.2 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT .............................................................................................. 12 2.2.1 TNA Inception Meeting ................................................................................................ 12 2.2.2 TNA Project presented to NTCCC ............................................................................... 13 2.2.3 TNA Stakeholders' Meeting .......................................................................................... 14 2.3 GENDER INCLUSIVENESS IN THE TNA PROCESS ................................................................... 15 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................... 16 TECHNOLOGY PRIORITIZATION IN ENERGY SECTOR ............................................. 16 3.1 GHG EMISSIONS OF ENERGY SECTOR ................................................................................... 16 3.2 EXISTING MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES OF ENERGY SECTOR.................................................. 19 3.2.1 Electricity generation technologies ............................................................................. 20 3.2.2 Thermal energy technologies ....................................................................................... 24 3.2.3 Transport fuel technologies ......................................................................................... 28 3.3 DECISION CONTEXT ............................................................................................................. 29 3.4 PROCESS OF IDENTIFYING CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES ........................... 29 iv 3.5 PRIORITIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS .......................................................................... 37 3.5.1 Identification of evaluation criteria ............................................................................. 37 3.5.2 Scoring the technologies .............................................................................................. 39 3.5.3 Results of technology prioritization ............................................................................. 43 CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................... 44 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................... 44 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 45 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................. 50 APPENDIX 1: TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT (TNA) STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP SUNBIRD LILONGWE HOTEL, MALAWI, 6TH NOVEMBER 2018. ........... 50 APPENDIX 2: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS TO THE TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT (TNA), CLIMATE TECHNOLOGIES PRIORITIZATION MEETING, MATUNDU LODGE, SALIMA, 17 TO 19TH SEPTEMBER 2019 ............................................................................... 53 APPENDIX 3: TECHNOLOGY FACT SHEETS .................................................................... 57 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Annual GHG emissions from energy sector by gases ................................................... 16 Table 2: Total GHG energy emissions by categories and type of GHG ...................................... 18 Table 3: Description of the identified mitigation technologies in the Energy Sector ................... 30 Table 4: Evaluation criteria used in the MCA prioritization process. .......................................... 38 Table 5: Descriptions of the scores used in the MCA process. .................................................... 39 Table 6: Performance matrix for evaluating the climate change identified mitigation technologies. ................................................................................................................. 40 Table 7: Evaluation criteria used in the MCA prioritization process. .......................................... 41 Table 8: Scoring matrix for evaluating the climate change identified mitigation technologies. .. 42 Table 9: Prioritized mitigation technologies in energy sector ...................................................... 43 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Malawi’s institutional arrangement for managing the TNA project ............................. 10 Figure 2 Group photo of Participants of the TNA Project Inception Meeting (Photo credit: Chris Manda) .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 3 Photo of members and stakeholders of the National Technical Committee on Climate Change attending the meeting (Photo credit: Chris Manda) ........................................................ 13 Figure 4: Photo showing TNA consultant for adaptation facilitating the MCA process (Photo credit: Mathew Malata) 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