Evaluation of Bicycle-Related Roadway Measures: A Summary of Available Research February 2014 Jill Mead Ann McGrane Charlie Zegeer Libby Thomas For: Federal Highway Administration DTFH61-11-H-00024 www.pedbikeinfo.org Table of Contents Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Table of Tables .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 8 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 8 1.0 Shared Roadway ..................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Roadway Surface Improvements ........................................................................................................ 9 1.2 Bridge and Overpass Access ................................................................................................................ 9 1.3 Tunnel and Underpass Access............................................................................................................. 9 1.4 Lighting Improvements ....................................................................................................................... 9 References ............................................................................................................................................ 9 1.5 Parking Treatments ............................................................................................................................. 9 References .......................................................................................................................................... 12 1.6 Median/Crossing Island .................................................................................................................... 13 1.7 Driveway Improvements ................................................................................................................... 13 1.8 Lane Reduction (Road Diet) .............................................................................................................. 13 References .......................................................................................................................................... 14 1.9 Lane Narrowing ................................................................................................................................. 15 1.10 Streetcar Track Treatments ............................................................................................................ 15 2.0 On-Road Bike Facilities .......................................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Bike Lanes ......................................................................................................................................... 16 References .......................................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.1 Colored Bike Lanes ......................................................................................................................... 25 References .......................................................................................................................................... 31 2.1.2 Buffered Bike Lanes ....................................................................................................................... 31 References .......................................................................................................................................... 32 2.2 Wide Curb Lanes ............................................................................................................................... 32 References .......................................................................................................................................... 34 2.3 Paved Shoulders ................................................................................................................................ 34 2.4 Shared Bus-Bike Lanes ...................................................................................................................... 35 2.5 Contraflow Bike Lanes ....................................................................................................................... 35 2.6 Cycle Tracks ....................................................................................................................................... 35 2 www.pedbikeinfo.org References .......................................................................................................................................... 42 3.0 Intersection Treatments ....................................................................................................................... 44 3.1 Curb Radius Revisions ....................................................................................................................... 44 3.2 Roundabouts ..................................................................................................................................... 44 References .......................................................................................................................................... 46 3.3 Intersection Markings ....................................................................................................................... 47 References .......................................................................................................................................... 49 3.4 Sight Distance Improvements ........................................................................................................... 49 3.5 Turning Restrictions .......................................................................................................................... 49 3.6 Merge and Weave Area Redesign ..................................................................................................... 49 References .......................................................................................................................................... 53 4.0 Maintenance ......................................................................................................................................... 54 4.1 Repetitive/Short-Term Maintenance ................................................................................................ 54 4.2 Major Maintenance .......................................................................................................................... 54 4.3 Hazard Identification Program .......................................................................................................... 54 References .......................................................................................................................................... 54 5.0 Traffic Calming ...................................................................................................................................... 55 References .......................................................................................................................................... 57 5.1 Mini Traffic Circles............................................................................................................................. 57 5.2 Chicanes ............................................................................................................................................ 57 5.3 Speed Tables, Humps, & Cushions .................................................................................................... 57 References .......................................................................................................................................... 58 5.4 Traffic Diversion ................................................................................................................................ 59 References .......................................................................................................................................... 59 5.4.1 Bike Boulevards .............................................................................................................................. 59 References .......................................................................................................................................... 61 5.5 Visual Narrowing ............................................................................................................................... 61 6.0 Trails/Shared-Use Paths ........................................................................................................................ 61 6.1 Separate Shared-Use Path ................................................................................................................ 61 References .......................................................................................................................................... 62 6.2 Path Intersection Treatments ..........................................................................................................