ANGOLA: COUNTRY PROFILE REPORT 2020-21 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. 5 LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... 6 COUNTRY FACT SHEET ..................................................................................................... 7 LIST OF ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................... 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 10 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ...................................................................... 13 1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 13 1.2. Objectives of the Report........................................................................................ 13 1.3. Focus of the Report .............................................................................................. 14 1.4. Methodology ......................................................................................................... 14 1.5. Structure of the Report .......................................................................................... 14 2. OVERVIEW OF ANGOLA ........................................................................................... 15 2.1 Historical and Political Context .............................................................................. 15 2.2 Geography ............................................................................................................ 16 2.2.1 Land and Location ......................................................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Climate ........................................................................................................................... 17 2.3 Demographics ....................................................................................................... 17 2.3.1 Language ....................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.2 Ethnic Groups ................................................................................................................ 18 2.3.2 Religion .......................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.3 Urbanisation ................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.4 Health ............................................................................................................................. 19 2.3.5 Education ....................................................................................................................... 20 2.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 20 3. ECONOMIC OUTLOOK .............................................................................................. 21 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 21 3.2 Economic Overview .............................................................................................. 21 .3 Economic Structure and Indicators ....................................................................... 22 3.3.1 Economic Structure / System ......................................................................................... 22 3.3.2 Economic Indicators ....................................................................................................... 22 3.3.3 GDP Contribution per Economic Sector ........................................................................ 23 3.4 Credit Rating ......................................................................................................... 24 3.5 Monetary Policy .................................................................................................... 25 3.6 Trade Environment ............................................................................................... 26 3.6.1 Main Export Destinations and Products ......................................................................... 26 3.6.2 Angola: Intra-Regional Trade Profile.............................................................................. 29 3.6.3 Angola’s Trade with South Africa ................................................................................... 32 3.7 Business Environment .......................................................................................... 35 3.7.1 Economic Freedom Index .............................................................................................. 35 3.7.2 Ease of Doing Business ................................................................................................. 36 3.7.3 Global Competitiveness Index ....................................................................................... 39 3.7.4 Corruption Perceptions Index ........................................................................................ 40 3.8 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 41 4. ROAD TRANSPORT ................................................................................................... 43 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 43 4.2 Angola Road network ............................................................................................ 43 2 4.2.1 Classification of Roads and Road Conditions ................................................................ 43 4.2.2 Moving Forward – Rehabilitating Roads ........................................................................ 44 2.2.2 Bridges ........................................................................................................................... 45 4.2.3 Distance matrix .............................................................................................................. 45 4.2.4 Travel time matrix........................................................................................................... 47 4.2.5 Road safety and security ............................................................................................... 50 4.2.6 Weighbridges and axle load limits ................................................................................. 51 4.2.7 Fuel prices ...................................................................................................................... 51 4.3 Angola’s Global Performance ............................................................................... 52 4.4 Demand for Road Transport Services ................................................................... 53 4.3.1 Traffic volumes and Composition................................................................................... 54 4.5 Road Transport Corridors linking Angola .............................................................. 55 4.6 Cross-border road transport .................................................................................. 55 4.7 Road Transport Sector Institutional / Regulatory Environment .............................. 56 4.7.1 Institutional Arrangements ............................................................................................. 56 4.7.2 Regulatory Frameworks ................................................................................................. 56 4.8 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 56 5. RAIL TRANSPORT ..................................................................................................... 58 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 58 5.2 Railway Networks and Railway Gauge .................................................................. 58 5.2.1 Strategic Railway Lines .................................................................................................. 58 Luanda Railways ............................................................................................................ 58 Benguela Railways ........................................................................................................ 58 Moçâmedes Railway ...................................................................................................... 59 5.2.2 Railway Gauge ............................................................................................................... 59 5.3 Rail Transport Services ......................................................................................... 59 5.3.1 Northern line ................................................................................................................... 59 5.3.2 Central line ..................................................................................................................... 59 5.3.3 South Line .....................................................................................................................