Research Centre on Identity and Migration Issues University of Oradea RCIMI Journal of Identity and Migration Studies University of Oradea Publishing House Volume 14, number 1, May 2020 JOURNAL OF IDENTITY AND MIGRATION STUDIES The Journal of Identity and Migration Studies (JIMS) is an online open-access review published semi- annually under the auspices of the Research Centre on Identity and Migration Issues – RCIMI, from the Department of Political Science and Communication Sciences, University of Oradea, Romania. Director Lia Pop, University of Oradea, Romania Editor-In-Chief Cristina Matiuta, University of Oradea, Romania Deputy Editor-In-Chief Marius I. Tatar, University of Oradea, Romania Editorial Board Artur Adamczyk, University of Warsaw, Poland Gabriel Badescu, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania Bernardo Cardinale, University of Teramo, Italy Radu Cinpoes, Kingston University, London, UK Vasile Cucerescu, Institute of International Relations, Chisinau Ioan Horga, University of Oradea, Romania Alexandru Ilies, University of Oradea, Romania Zaiga Krisjane, University of Latvia, Latvia Jan Wendt, University of Gdansk, Poland Luca Zarrilli, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy Assistant Editors Ioana Albu, University of Oradea, Romania Dan Apateanu, University of Oradea, Romania Alina Brihan, University of Oradea, Romania Gabriela Gaudenhooft, University of Oradea, Romania Ioan Laza, University of Oradea, Romania Irina Pop, University of Oradea, Romania The responsibility for the content of the contributions published in JIMS belongs exclusively to the authors. The views expressed in the articles and other contributions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors of JIMS. JIMS - JOURNAL OF IDENTITY AND MIGRATION STUDIES Research Centre on Identity and Migration Issues - RCIMI Department of Political Science and Communication Science University of Oradea Address: Str. Universității nr. 1 Oradea, 410087 Romania Tel./Fax: +40 259 408 167 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Website: www.jims.e-migration.ro Copyright © JIMS, 2020. No parts of this publication can be reproduced without the written permission of the editors. ISSN 1843 – 5610 Journal of Identity and Migration Studies Volume 14, number 1, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS* RESEARCH ARTICLES .................................................................................................... 3 Limitations on Transnational Practices amongst Polish-born Teenagers living in the UK, Sara YOUNG ...................................................................................................... 3 Acculturation Identities in the American Public Education System: Domain-Specific 'Separation' Strategies Among High-Skill Immigrants in the United States, Cristina S. STEPHENS ........................................................................................................... 19 Construction of European Identity among Intra-EU Mobile Young Academics, Gregor SCHÄFER .................................................................................................... 40 An Occupational Perspective on Enculturation and Habitus - a Scoping Review, Coralie HELLWIG, Greta HÄGGBLOM KRONLÖF .................................................... 61 SPECIAL SECTION: STUDENTS RESEARCH ON MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION ........ 80 Student Research in the Focus: Contributions on Origin and Future, Tine LEHMANN, Stefanie MOLTHAGEN-SCHNÖRING ................................................... 80 The Reluctant Multiculturalist: Investigating Possibilities for Applying Canadian Multiculturalism in Germany, Friederike ALM ...................................................... 84 Rearrangement through Labelling: The German Federal Republic’s Migration Policy in the 1970s – “Foreign Employees”, “Asylum Seekers” and “Refugees”, Tim ZUMLOH .............................................................................................................. 101 Theorizing Development Challenges in the Syrian Refugee Response in Jordan: Interests, Management, and Accountability, Alexander C. BURLIN .................... 117 Towards Belonging: Stability and Home for Syrian Refugee Women in Milan, Sara ELTOKHY .............................................................................................................. 134 Citizenship and Global Injustice - A Critical Analysis of Shachar´s Birthright Lottery, Marvin JAMMERMANN ....................................................................................... 150 BOOK REVIEWS ........................................................................................................ 166 Jennifer A. Jones, The Browning of the New South, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019, ISBN-13: 978-0-226-60098-7, 300 pages, Review by Cristina MATIUTA ............................................................................................................. 166 Msia Kibona Clark, Phiwokuhle Mnyandu and Loy L. Azalia, Pan African Spaces, Essays on Black Transnationalism, Lexington Books, Lanham, 2019, ISBN 978-1- 4985-8192-9, 322 pages, Review by Simona FER ................................................ 169 * Scientific editors of this issue: Artur Adamczyk and Cristina Matiuta 1 Marius Turda; Maria Sophia Quine - Historizing Race ( Ideea de rasă de la Iluminism la Donald Trump) Polirom, Iași, 2019; ISBN: 978-973-46-7189-2, 244 pages, Review by Irina POP ......................................................................................................... 176 Vincenzo Ruggiero, Visions of Political Violence, London: Routledge, 2020, ISBN: 9780429291463 (eBook), 242 pages, Review by Marius Ioan TĂTAR ................. 180 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS ..................................................................................... 183 2 Journal of Identity and Migration Studies Volume 14, number 1, 2020 RESEARCH ARTICLES Limitations on Transnational Practices amongst Polish-born Teenagers living in the UK Sara YOUNG Abstract. Polish accession to the European Union (EU) in 2004 led to an upsurge in the number of Poles coming to the UK. This prompted an increased research interest in mobility and transnational practices amongst Polish migrants, transnationalism here being understood as the way that individuals endeavour to maintain their identity across two (or more) cultures and countries. However, while much attention has been paid to adult migrants, only recently has research focused on those under the age of eighteen. This paper is based on my doctoral study investigating how Polish-born adolescents resident in the UK negotiate the construction of their ethnic and linguistic identity, including the extent to which they engage in transnational practices. The study explored the narratives of eleven adolescents (aged 11-16) living in small Polish communities in semi-rural settings in southern England. Findings suggest that while it appears important for these younger migrants to maintain a connection with Poland, the scope to develop transnational identities is restricted in a number of ways, and is more limited than for adults. Nonetheless, maintaining transnational practices does appear an integral part of these adolescents’ lives as they negotiate their lives in both countries. Keywords: Polish migration, young people, transnationalism, identity studies Introduction Polish accession to the European Union (EU) in 2004 led to an upsurge in the number of Poles coming to the UK; in response, a large body of work emerged that sought to explore this new mobility. There was also increased scholarly research interest in the engagement with transnationalism by Polish migrants and the development of a transnational identity, transnationalism here being seen as the way that people attempt to maintain their identity across two (or more) cultures and countries (Block 2006). While transnational practices are not new, the underlying life expectations of migrants participating in such activities had changed. Previously, 3 Sara YOUNG JIMS - Volume 14, number 1, 2020 Poles had left Poland with little hope of returning; however, the changed regime post-1989 enabled a greater unofficial flexibility of movement (Burrell 2008; Morawska 2001). The changes of 2004, resulting in such economic migration becoming legalised, meant that back and forth mobility increased still further, arguably allowing for the creation of transnational identities to take on a greater resonance. However, while much attention has been paid to adult migrants, only recently has research focused on those individuals who migrated under the age of eighteen, often coming to the UK with their parents, or to stay with another relative. These may be regarded as the 1.5 generation, defined by Benesch (2008, 294) as those individuals who have undertaken most of their secondary, and perhaps primary, education in the host country. This demographic was the focus of my doctoral study investigating how Polish-born adolescents resident in the UK negotiate the construction of their ethnic and linguistic identity; this included an examination of the extent to which they engage in transnational practices. The research explored the narratives of eleven adolescents (aged 11-16) living in small Polish communities in semi-rural settings in southern England. While the adolescents in the study had each come to the UK at different points in their lives, given their attendance at secondary school (and for some, primary school) in England and their plans to remain in the UK, Benesch’s definition