KENJI MIZOGUCHI CINEMATOGRAPHIC STYLE (LONG TAKE) IN 'THE LIFE OF OHARU' (1952). Rickmarthel Julian Kayug Bachelor ofApplied Arts with Honours (Cinematography) 2013 UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAW AK BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS TESIS/LAPORAN JUDUL: Kenji Mizoguchi Cinematographic Style (Long Take) In The 'Life OfOharu' (1952). SESI PENGAJIAN: 200912013 Saya RICKMARTHEL JULIAN KA YUG Kad Pengenalan bemombor 890316126011 mengaku membenarkan tesisl Laporan * ini disimpan di Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut: 1. Tesisl Laporan adalah hakmilik Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 2. Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja 3. Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dibenarkan membuat pengdigitan untuk membangunkan Pangkalan Data Kandungan Tempatan 4. Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dibenarkan membuat salinan tesisl laporan ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi 5. *sila tandakan rn (mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan SULIT 6·D atau kepentingan seperti termaktub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA 1972) TERHAD D (mengandungi maklumat Terhad yang telah ditentukan oleh Organisasilbadan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan) V ~IDAK TERHAD Disahkan Disahkan Oleh: c:dt~f • Tandatangan Penulis Tandatangan Penyelia Tarikh t:L~ 1"""~ ~ l3 Tarikh: '~I O-=l""/?4l ~ Alamat Tetap: Kg. Pamilaan, Peti Surat 129,89908 Tenom, Sabah. Mobil Jefri ~ samareoa Lect\Il'U . faculty ofApplie4 aM CrcallVe Catatan: *Tesis/ Laporan dimaksudkan sebagai tesis bagi Ijazah Doktor Falsafah,~a Muda • lika Tesis/ Laporan SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasal organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh tesis/ laporan ini perlu dikelaskan $ebagai SULIT atau TERHAD This project report attached hereto, entitled "KENJI MIZOGUCHI CINEMATOGRAPHIC STYLE (LONG TAKE) IN THE LIFE OF OHARU (1952)". Prepared and submitted by RICKMARTHEL JULIAN KAYUG as a partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Applied and Creative Art with honours (Cinematography) is hereby read and approved by: Read and approved by: Lecturer (Supervisor) Date: \.",! r1 7011 ii I'Ullt Khltlmat Maklumat AkademiM UNJVERS ~W. SJA S WAK KENJI MIZOGUCHI CINEMATOGRAPHIC STYLE (LONG TAKE) IN 'THE LIFE OF OHARU'(1952). RICKMARTHEL JULIAN KAYUG This project is submitted in partial of fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Applied and Creative Art with Honours (Cinematography) Faculty of Applied and Creative Art UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAW AK 2013 iii Dedication goes especially to My beloved parents, family and friends. Thank you for everything. iv I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Fullest gratitude to the GOD, I was able to complete my final year project as scheduled. First and foremost, I would like to express my high gratitude to my supervisor, Mr. Mohd. Jefri Bin Samaroon for his guidance and encouragements throughout this project. Without him priceless advice, encouragement and guidance, this thesis would be an extreamely hard task for me. This also goes to the lecturers and staff of Faculty of Applied and Creative Art. I would also like to convey my gratitude to my friends especially my coursemates In Cinematography programme for their time and understanding and last but not least to my beloved family, for their guidance and support in helping me finishing this final year project. From the bottom of my heart, once again I would like to wish my appreaction for them, thank you for everything. God bless us. v ,.. ABSTRACT KENJI MIZOGUCHI CINEMATOGRAPHIC STYLE (LONG TAKE) IN THE "LIFE OF OHARU" (1952). Rickmarthel Julian Kayug I~ This study aimed to identify and study the techniques of cinematography (long take) through the review of the film "The Life of Oharu" (1952) directed by Kenji Mizoguchi. Long Take is the technique of taking a shot with a long duration that is not the same with the usual techniques (Bordwell D. (2008)). However, the duration of the 'long take' video or film is different depending on the influence of a director. Methods of data collection through content analysis is used to identify data about long take duration and themes found in the films studied. From the study, the researcher will produce a short video entitled 'Nexus'. vi ABSTRAK TEKNIK SINEMATOGRAFI (LONG TAKE) KENJI MIZOGUCHI DALAM FILEM "THE LIFE OF OHARU" (1952). Rickmarthel Julian Kayug Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan mengkaji mengenai teknik sinematografi (long take) melalui penelitian terhadap filem 'The Life of Oharu'(1952) arahan Kenji Mizoguchi. Long Take merupakan teknik pengambilan suatu shot yang panjang dengan durasi yang tidak sarna dengan teknik yang biasa. (Bordwell D. (2008)). Walau bagaimanapun, durasi suatu video atau filem long take adalah berbeza-beza bergantung kepada pengaruh seseorang pengarah. Kaedah pengumpulan data melalui analisa kandungan digunakan untuk mengenalpasti data mengenai durasi long take dan tema yang terdapat dalam filem yang dikaji. Dari hasil kajian, pengkaji akan menghasilkan sebuah video pendek yang bertajuk Nexus. vii I'US2t 'dmat . um t a I Ii ' UNIVERSm MALAYSIA SAKAWAK Table of Contents APPROVAL LETTER APPROVAL SHEET ii PROJECT TITLE iii DEDICATION IV ACKNOWLEDGMENT V ABSTRACT (English Version) VI ABSTRACT (Bahasa Malaysia Version) vii TABLE OF CONTENTS viii-xi LIST OF TABLES XlI LIST OF FIGURES xiii viii ,... I CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction 1-5 1.1 Research Background 5-10 1.2 Problem Statement 10 1.3 Research Questions 10 1.4 Research Objective 10-11 1.5 Research Scope 11-12 1.6 Research Framework 12-14 1.7 Limitation 15 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction 16-17 2.1 Long Take Features 18 2.1.1 Duration 18 2.1.2 Shot 18 2.1.3 Static 19 2.1.4 Movement 20 ix I I 2.2 Analysis of the Life ofOharu(J952) 20 20-21 2.2. 1 Duration 21-22 2.2.2 Cinematography (Long Take) 22-23 2.2.3 Theme (Realism) I I CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGI 3.0 Introduction 24 3.1 Qualitative Method (Observation) 24-25 3.2 Film Analysis/ Content Analysis 25 3.2.1 Long Take 25 3.2.2 Mise- en-scene 26-27 3.3 Film Critic Review 28 3.3.1 Michael Harbour, (2012) 28 3.3.2 Danny Kanna, (2011) 28-29 x CHAPTER 4: FINAL YEAR PROJECT DISCUSSION 4.0 Introduction 30 4.1 Synopsis 30 4.2 Applying Research Into Final Year Project (Short Film) 31-32 4.3 Pre-Production 33 4.4 Production 33-34 4.5 Post-Production 34-35 4.6 Finding 35 4.7 Project Weakness 35-36 4.8 Project Strenght 37 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 5.0 Conclusion 38-39 BIBLIOGRAPHY 40-43 APPENDIX Appendix 1: Nexus Script Appendix 2: Poster of Nexus Appendix 3: Photograph of Nexus Filmmaking Appendix 4: Photograph ofNex.Us Production xi LIST OF TABLES Tables Page 1.1 Kenji Mizoguchi films awarded won and nominated at Venice Film Festival 8 1.1 Kenji Mizoguchi win the Kinema Jumpo Awards 8 2.2 Durations ofLong take in the Life ofOharu 21 3.2 Analysis duration of Long take in the Life ofOharu 27 xii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.0 The Life ofOharu (1952) Figure illustration 4 1.6 Conceptual Framework 7 4.1 Introduction of Nexus Titled and Main Character 30 4.2 Applying research (Long take) into Short Film (Nexus) 32 4.4 Production (Photograph) Nexus Filmmaking 34 xiii Topic 1 Introduction This research will study about Kenji Mizoguchi cinematographic style (Long Take) through the analysis of the film The Life of Oharu. This is because, If the technique of long tIlke not applied properly and carefully so that the scene will be bored. This statemented was supported by Mark Le Fanu's quote below. ... When it does not work it can be boring and aggravating. (Mark Le Fanu, 2005: 3) First of all, researchers would like to explain what is the definition of cinematographic and style. According to Encylopedia, Cinematography means the art and technology of motion-picture photography. It involves the composition of a scene, lighting of the set and actors, choice of cameras, camera angle, and also integration of special effects to achieve the photographic images desired by the director. Cinematography focuses on relations between the individual shots and groups of shots that make up a scene to produce a film's effect. While, according to Joyce M. Hawkins (2001), style means speaking or writing style; style; manner or style of doing something; the shape. To facilitate understanding of the Kenji Mizoguchi's cinematography style, researchers first need to know a little bit about the history of Japanese Cinema. Before discussing about the effects of long takes in terms of Kenji Mizoguchi, I first to define what a long take is, and then further specify what kind of long takes that this thesi '11 discuss. 1 According to Hsin-Ning Chang, (2008) in his thesis 'Viewing the Long Take in Post­ arid War II Films: A Cognitive Approach', College of Fine Arts of Ohio University, The ItlIce is a term that describes a film technique. It is a tenn used in film studies. David :-lkIlrclvvell has defined a take as "one run of the camera that records a single shot" (Film Art and he further describes a long take as a single shot that runs for an unusually long duration. In term of film studies, the researchers agreed with Hsin-Ning Chang (2008), about his statemented that the long take is a kind of cinematographic technique and not a theory in filmmaking. However, this technique (long take) have a different approach and different dw-ations than the usual technique. Furthermore, The tenn of long take is used also to avoids the ambiguous meanings of long shot, which can refer to the framing of a shot,and long cut, which can refer to either a whole version ofa film or the general editing pacing of the film.