STATUS PAPER ON PULSES Compiled and Edited by R.P. Singh Director-in-charge GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & COOPERATION) DIRECTORATE OF PULSES DEVELOPMENT 6th FLOOR, VINDHYANCHAL BHAVAN BHOPAL-462004 (M.P.) C O N T E N T S Sl.No. Subject Page. No. 01 Pulse Crops description: Origin (1.1), Importance (1.2), 1-3 Scientific name (1.3), Morphology (1.4), Species (1.5), Nutritional value (1.6), Important major growing Zones /states (1.7), Crop distribution (1.8), and Demand and supply scenario of pulse produce (1.9). 02 Comparative analysis: Area, production & yield of major 3-8 pulse crops growing states in India (2.1), Area, production & yield of major pulse crops growing countries in the World (2.2), Gap of yield with other countries (2.3), and Export import status (2.4). 03 Varietal development: Important varieties notified (3.1), 8-12 Varieties / Hybrids preferred by farmers (3.2) and Yield of Frontline Demonstrations (FLDs) vis-à-vis National / State yield, and yield gap analysis (3.3). 04 Climatic requirement: Temperature for different critical 12-13 stages (4.1), Important growing ecologies (4.2), Impact on yield of rise in temperature (4.3), and Suggestion for cultivation of crop in view of climatic changes (4.4). 05 Genetic potentiality advancement: Genetic break through 14 for yield improvement (5.1), and Status of transgenic (5.2). 06 Seed scenario: State wise share of state seed agencies and 15-16 private sector in seed supply in different states (6.1), State wise seed replacement rate of crop (6.2), and Critical gap in availability of pulses seed (6.3). 07 Crop production practices: Major crop sequences / 17-23 rotations followed by states (7.1), State and season wise time of sowing and harvesting (7.2), Sowing of crop (7.3), Seeding technologies (7.4), Fertilizer management (7.5), Water management (7.6), Weed management (7.7), Plant protection (7.8), Harvesting, threshing and storage (7.9), and Use and recommendation of farm implements and machines used for different operations (7.10). 08 Cropping system. 24 09 Crop products and their uses: processing units (9.1). 24 C O N T E N T S Sl.No. Subject Page. No. 10 Crop Development programmes: National Food Security 25-34 Mission – Pulses (10.1), Accelerated Pulses Production Programme (A3P) (10.2), Special initiatives for pulses and oilseed in dryland areas of 60000 villages programme under RKVY 2010-11 (10.3), Integrated Development of 60000 Pulses villages in Rainfed Areas 2011-12 (10.4), Special Plan to achieve 19+ million tonnes of Pulses production during Kharif 2012-13 (10.5), Additional area coverage of Pulses Rabi/Summer under NFSM-Pulses for additional Rabi / Summer production during 2012-13 (10.6), Macro Management of Agriculture (MMA) (10.7), and Constraints and suggestions (10.8). 11 Special initiatives taken for encouraging the cultivation of 34-41 pulses: Minimum Support Price (MSP). (11.1), Quantity of crop produce procured (11.2), Prevalent Marketing channels (11.3), Important markets in India and abroad (11.4), Major problems associated with storage of grains (11.5), Provisions for credit (11.6), and Crop insurance (11.7). 12 Workshops, conference and seminars: Outcomes / 41-43 recommendations of annual workshop conducted by ICAR / SAUs (12.1), and Recommendation of important conference / seminar / brainstorming sessions (12.2). 13 Important websites: Important National and International 43-47 Organization involved in pulse improvement (13.1), National and international important websites for farmers, development officials, policy planners and scientific community (13.2), webside for farmers and other stock holders (13.2.1), and Website of advisory services to farmers (13.3). 14 Awards and scholarships: Awards (along with organization) 47-48 given to farmers at national and international level (14.1), Awards given to development officials, policy planners and scientists for their contribution (14.2), and Important website for scholarships (14.3). 15 Researchable issues. 48-50 LIST OF TABLES Table No. Subject Page No. 01 Quantity of pulses imported by India during 7 2010-11. 02 Quantity of pulses exported from India during 7-8 2010-11. 03 Quantity imported and exported from India 8 during the year 2006-2007 to 2009-2010. 04 FLD productivity vis-a-vis productivity of 9-10 farmers’ field during 2004-05 to 2008-09. 05 Details of FLDs’ yield vis-à-vis National and 11-12 State yield during 2001-02 to 2005-06. 06 Institutions working in pulses. 14 07 Requirement of nucleus, breeder and foundation 16 seed of pulses for maintaining seed multiplication chain. 08 Requirement and availability of certified / quality 16 seeds of pulses. 09 Farm implements used for primary tillage. 18 10 State wise, crop wise water management in pulse 19 crops followed by states. 11 Major weeds affecting pulse crops in Kharif, Rabi 20 and summer. 12 Crop wise estimated loss by insect pests. 21 13 Crop wise extent of damage. 22 14 Processing units with their processing capacity 24 including types of products manufactured. 15 Progress of implementation of NFSM- Pulses. 26 16 Progress of implementation of A3P. 27 17 Minimum Support Price (MSP) of identified 37 crops of pulses declared by the Govt. of India. 18 Quantity of pulses purchased by NAFED on MSP 38 during 2010-2011. 19 Details of quantity with value purchased under 38 outright account. DIAGRAMS AND LIST OF FIGURES Sl.N0. Details Page. No. 01 Pie Diagram 1: Pulse crop wise contribution to total area. 3 02 Pie Diagram 2: Pulse crop wise growing states. 3 03 Pie Diagram 3: State wise contribution to total area. 4 04 Pie Diagram 4: State wise contribuition to total production. 4 05 Bar Diagram 5: Crop wise contribution to total world area, 5 production and no of growing countries. 06 Bar Diagram 6: Country wise area and production. 5 07 Bar Diagram 7: Productivity of major pulse producing 6 countries in the world. 08 Bar Diagram 8: Highest productivity states of pulses in 6 India. 09 Bar Diagram 9: Highest productivity countries of pulses in 6 world. 10 Bar Diagram 10: Yield of FLD field vis-à-vis farmer field. 10 11 Fig. 1: Photographs of pulses produced in India during 203 Kharif season. 12 Fig. 2: Photographs of pulses produced in India during 203-204 Rabi season. 13 Fig. 3: Photographs of pulses produced in India during 204 Kharif & Rabi seasons. 14 Fig. 4: Photographs of pulses produced in India during 205 Kharif, Rabi & Zaid (summer) seasons. 15 Fig. 5: Photographs of pulse crops grown as Inter crop. 205-206 16 Fig. 6: Photographs of primary and secondary tillage 207 operation for pulses. 17 Fig. 7: Photographs of primary and secondary tillage 208 operation and seed treatment of pulses. 18 Fig. 8: Photographs of seeding & planting of pulses 208-209 (Equipment powered by human and animal). 19 Fig. 9: Photographs of irrigation methods and equipment 210 applicable in pulse production. 20 Fig.10: Photographs of post harvest operations and 211 equipment used in pulse processing. 21 Fig. 11: Photographs of major pests affecting pulse Crops 212-14 during production. 22 Fig. 12: Photographs of pests affecting pulses during 215 storage. ANNEXURES Annexure No. Subject Page No. 01 Pulse crops description. 51-63 02 State and Season wise area, production and 64-70 yield of pulses in India. 03 Major pulse producing districts in India. 71-75 04 Country / crop wise area, production and yield 76-78 of pulses in the world. 05 Producer price in different pulse producing 79 countries of the world. 06 Notified varieties of pulses. 80-92 07 State wise ICAR recommended new alternative 93-99 varieties to be promoted in place of old varieties of pulse. 08 State / crop wise requirement and availability of 100-136 certified / quality seed of pulses. 09 State / season wise varieties under cultivation 137 preferred by farmers. 10 Recommended climatic conditions for pulses. 138-140 11 State / crop wise temperature for different 141 stages of pulse crops. 12 Performance of pulses in different ecologies in 142-143 India. 13 Performance of pulses in different countries in 144 the world. 14 State / pulse wise SRR in pulse producing 145-148 states. 15 Major recommended crop sequences / rotations, 149-150 inter cropping. 16 Specific crop sequences / rotations followed by 151 Tamil Nadu. 17 State / season / crop wise sowing time followed 152-154 by states. 18 State / season / crop wise harvesting time 155-157 followed by states. 19 Crop wise recommended seed rate, method of 158 sowing spacing, depth of seed. 20 State / crop wise methods of sowing followed 159 by state governments. ANNEXURES Annxure No. Subject Page No. 21 State / crop wise Seedling technology followed 160-162 by state governments. 22 Crop wise recommended Nutrient management. 163-165 23 State / season / crop wise Nutrient Management 166-168 followed by state. 24 Crop wise recommended water management. 169-170 25 Crop wise recommended weed management 171-173 practices. 26 State / season / crop wise weed management 174-176 followed by states. 27 Recommended plant protection. 177-185 28 Plant protection methods followed by states. 186-187 29 State / district wise major procurement centers 188-196 of pulses on MSP under Price Support Scheme (PSS). 30 Arrivals and prices of pulses in domestic 197 markets. 31 Pulse commodity wise main domestic markets. 198 32 Credit flow and crop insurance of pulses. 199 33 Pattern of financial assistance under Centrally 200-202 Sponsord Scheme. PULSES The Union Ministry of Agriculture comprises of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Department of Agriculture & Cooperation (DAC) & Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries.