STUDY GUIDE - UNITED NATIONS MILITARY OBSERVER GROUP IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN, 1949 MONUA 2018 #resettingthelimit #resettingthelimit Contenido secretary General Welcome letters 04 Dear Delegates, From the Secretary General 04 It is our pleasure to welcome you to the Seventh Version of Universidad de Los Andes’ Model United Nations Conference, MONUA 2018. My From the Under- name is Camilo Torres Casanova, Law major with a minor in International Secretary General for Studies and Art History from the same institution, and Secretary-General the United Nations for this edition. Along with Juan Camilo Romero, Under Secretary Organization 05 General and Economics and History major, it has been a pleasure for us, along with coordinators, USG’s and dais, to design the challenge you From the Dais 06 will experience during the next days. From Mr. Trygve Lie, By coming to MONUA, you have decided to make part of a new trend Secretary General of in the international MUN circuit: the redefinition of excellence. Being the United Nations that so, during the upcoming sessions you will debate, negotiate and Organization 07 be challenged to give your best. Every single participant of this edition of MONUA will have to face the paradigm of that which makes them Presentation of outstanding and to venture into what becomes necessary to actually be the Committee 08 exceptional. Procedure 10 Part of this experience will be getting to know yourselves and, without any doubt, the resetting of limits. That expression, our official motto Interconnection 12 for this edition of MONUA, has been a mandate for each and every Context member of our team, in terms of setting the bar in terms of academic 12 excellence, logistic innovation and the construction of a conference that will keep leading in the region and an unlimited source of surprises and Topic: Recreation challenges for those who make part of it. Without any further ado, it is of the Karachi left for us to tell you that your challenge is to go beyond, pushing the bar Agreements 16 beyond the limits you know, and rediscover yourselves as more capable, more committed and without any doubt, more integral persons than Proposed Solutions 21 those who came in at the beginning of this edition of MONUA. Timeline of Events 24 Enjoy what’s coming, because from now on we’re resetting the limit, QARMAS 26 Research Suggestions 26 References 27 Camilo Torres Casanova Juan Camilo Romero Secretary General Under-Secretary General 4 Under-Secretary General for the United Nations Organization Delegates and observers, I thank you for your commitment and your courage of assuming the challenge of participating in MONUA 2018. My name is Juan Felipe Silva Bustamante, and I am a Law student at the University of the Andes. I am truly honored of having the opportunity to learn from those who made part of the process of building a Model United Nations that pretends to reset the limits, a project that is made of passion and persistence, a true space for consciousness raising. As Under-Secretary-General for the United Nations, and I know this is the case of the other Under-Secretariats, I feel very glad and proud about the fact that the various committees that I proposed for them to be in MONUA, and afterwards, the ones who were decided along with the rest of the team, made part of a structure of interconnection, coherence, and sense. To see these ideas being materialized is encouraging and I feel grateful for it. The issues to be treated by the committees match also profoundly with the areas of study for which I am more passionate about. While the Security Council and DISEC are to be immersed in mainly analyzing security-related problematics, the way they are thought to work includes the consideration of issues related to human development and international regulations. ECOSOC, on the other hand, is sub-divided in two commissions, and directly encounters the core of sustainable development and is ready to fight to prevent crime. In the case of the UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan: 1949, a historical committee that pretends to recreate the Karachi Agreements, it is a high-level meeting in which geopolitics and history meet to be rewritten. Finally, with the UN Legal Committee of the General Assembly and the International Court of Justice, the judicial organ of the UN, the structure of the Under-Secretariat is completed. These two profoundly technical-legal Committees are in charge of analyzing concepts such as armed conflict and State responsibility, but also armed attack and the international responsibility of preventing the crime of genocide. Since my last school years, and now as Law student, I have been deeply interested in International Public and Constitutional Law, and in issues such as how to attain human development and growth. I am thankful for this opportunity, MONUA has been for me the place to remember that knowledge has to be turned into practice, have true effects upon others; it has been the space to step by step raise social consciousness. Should you have any doubt about anything, please contact me. I welcome you all, and wish you enjoy MONUA 2018; I hope it will be an inspiring experience. My best regards, Juan Felipe Silva Under-Secretary General for the United Nations Organization 5 DAIS Dear delegates, Dear delegates, My name is Valentina Conde and I My name is Andres Felipe Jaramillo, am an International Relations student I am Senior in high school in the with emphasis in Security, Peace and Knightsbridge Schools International Conflicts at Universidad del Rosario Bogotá. For me it is an honour to in Bogotá. To begin with, I would like be your president for this year at to welcome you to MONUA’s United MONUA’s United Nations Military Nations Military Observer Group in Observer Group in India and Pakistan. India and Pakistan. I’m very excited One of my biggest goals for this to have the chance of presiding committee is to give all what I have this committee and I hope you take and all my experience to help you this opportunity to challenge your have a great experience during this academic knowledge, make new model. I invite you all to give your friends and see a different side of one hundred percent and work hard history through this committee. to achieve a great debate and a great committee. I am here to help you, As Mahatma Ghandi said, satisfaction please contact me if its needed, I am lies in the effort, not in the attainment, willing to solve any doubt you can full effort is full victory; and as have from the guide and the model. such, the victory of the committee Last, but most important, please enjoy depends on all of our effort. Please yourself during this model; learn about do not hesitate to contact me for any the past, participate because of your doubts regarding the model or the passion, and show all your abilities. committee. Work hard and see you at MONUA Hope to meet you soon, 2018, Valentina Conde Andres Felipe Jaramillo DAIS, UN Military DAIS, UN Military Observer Group in Observer Group in India and Pakistan, India and Pakistan, 1949 1949 6 Secretary General of the United Nations Organization Dear Delegates, The instability of the sub-Indian continent as a result of the unfinished border between India and Pakistan is now becoming a threat to international peace and security since hostilities between the parties have not ceased and new confrontations between ethnicities arise every day. The increasing number of casualties is a reason for being concerned, as well as the fact that the territories of India and Pakistan have not yet been fully divided. Currently, the status of the territory of Kashmir is not yet defined, and therefore, both the Indian and the Pakistani armies engage in confrontations between each other, violating international law. In this sense, it’s the responsibility of those accounted to be part of a negotiation process that would finally bring legally established borders in the region of Jammu and Kashmir, bringing peace to the region, and hopefully, solving a conflict that could potentially last for decades. Those negotiations must be settled in fair terms, with specific topics to be considered and trying to solve issues by the means of diplomacy. Delegations will also have to bear in mind the mandate the UN Security Council gave the Military Observer Group and the purposes of the UN Secretary General. Answers are needed, and a region is waiting for the response of the international community. His Excellency, Trygve Lie United Nations Secretary General 7 Presentation of the Committee The area of responsibility of UNMOGIP Following the India-Pakistan hostilities at is along the Line of Control (separating the the end of 1971 and a subsequent ceasefire Pakistan and Indian administered regions agreement on the 17the of December of Kashmir) and the Working Boundary of that year, the tasks of UNMOGIP have (separating the Indian-administered Kashmir been to supervise, to the possible extent, and Pakistan). UNMOGIP reports to the UN the strict observance of the ceasefire line Secretary General, through the Department agreed upon on December 17, 1971 and to of Peacekeeping Operations at the UN report thereon to the Secretary-General. headquarters, all activities and developments that can impact the ceasefire and/or the Given the disagreement between India and mandate implementation (UN, 2017). Pakistan about UNMOGIP’s mandate and functions, the Secretary-General’s position has been that the UNMOGIP can only be The UNMOGIP is the second oldest terminated by a decision of the Security peacekeeping mission of the United Nations, Council.