Participative Web and User-Created Content WEB 2.0, WIKIS AND SOCIAL NETWORKING The Internet is becoming increasingly embedded in everyday life. Drawing on an expanding array of intelligent web services and applications, a growing number of people are creating, distributing and exploiting user-created content (UCC) and being part of the wider participative web. This study describes the rapid growth of UCC and its increasing role in worldwide communication, and draws out implications for policy. Questions addressed include: What is user-created content? What are its key drivers, its scope and different forms? What are the new value chains and business models? What are the extent and form of social, cultural and economic opportunities and impacts? What are the associated challenges? Is there a government role, and what form could it take? Participative Web and User-Created Content User-Created and Web Participative Participative Web About the authors: Graham Vickery is Head of the Information Economy Group, Directorate for Science, Technology and User-Created Content and Industry, OECD. He has published extensively on the information economy, technology strategies, sector developments and government policies, and directs the bi-annual Information Technology Outlook WEB 2.0, WIKIS Sacha Wunsch-Vincent is a Policy Analyst in the Information Economy Group, Directorate for AND SOCIAL NETWORKING Science, Technology and Industry, and OECD. OECD He work has onauthored digital content.recent OECD studies on digital content, China and information technologies and e-business developments, as well as on the Internet and INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET trade in digital products and cross-border electronic services. OECD BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT WEB 2.0, WIKIS AND SOCIAL NETWORKING SOCIAL AND WIKIS 2.0, WEB BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET The full text of this book is available on line via this link: www.sourceoecd.org/scienceIT/ Those with access to all OECD books on line should use this link: www.sourceoecd.org/ 9789264037465 SourceOEC 9789264037465 For more informationD is the OECD’sabout this online award-winning library of books, service periodicals and free trialsand statisticalask your librarian,databases. or write to us at [email protected] . BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL C DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL C DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS I INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET www.oecd.org/publishing BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL C ISBN 978-92-64-03746-5 DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET 93 2007 03 1 P DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT -:HSTCQE=UX\Y[Z: INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET INTERNET DIGITAL CONTENT BLOGS INT BLOGS DIGITAL CONTENT INTERNET DIGITAL Faux-titre.fm Page 1 Wednesday, September 26, 2007 1:27 PM Participative Web and User-created Content WEB 2.0, WIKIS AND SOCIAL NETWORKING Faux-titre.fm Page 2 Wednesday, September 26, 2007 1:27 PM ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda. © OECD 2007 No reproduction, copy, transmission or translation of this publication may be made without written permission. Applications should be sent to OECD Publishing [email protected] or by fax 33 1 45 24 99 30. Permission to photocopy a portion of this work should be addressed to the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France, fax 33 1 46 34 67 19, [email protected] or (for US only) to Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, fax 1 978 646 8600, [email protected]. FOREWORD – 3 Foreword This report is one of a series on digital broadband content prepared since 2005, focusing on changing value chains and developing business models and the implications for policy. The series is part of ongoing OECD analysis of the digital economy and information and communications policy. The report was drafted by Sacha Wunsch-Vincent and Graham Vickery of the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry as part of the digital content series under the overall direction of Graham Vickery (Head, Information Economy Group). The report was presented to the OECD Working Party on the Information Economy (WPIE) in December 2006, and in March 2007 the Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy recommended that the report be made available to the general public. The authors are grateful for the contribution of national delegations that provided information and commented on the draft. Other documents in the series cover scientific publishing, music, on-line computer games, mobile content, and public sector information and content (all available at www.oecd.org/sti/digitalcontent), and further reports are forthcoming on film and video and on-line advertising. Some of these reports are also summarised in the OECD Information Technology Outlook 2006 (see www.oecd.org/sti/ito) or are forthcoming in the next edition, to be published in 2008. PARTICIPATIVE WEB AND USER-CREATED CONTENT: WEB 2.0, WIKIS AND SOCIAL NETWORKING – ISBN 978-92-64-03746-5 – © OECD 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS – 5 Table of Contents Foreword............................................................................................................................3 Summary...........................................................................................................................9 Definition, measurement and drivers .............................................................................9 Emerging value chains and business models ...............................................................10 Economic impacts ........................................................................................................11 Social impacts ..............................................................................................................12 Opportunities and challenges .......................................................................................13 Chapter 1. Introduction.................................................................................................15