OCS Study BOEM 2011-044 Coastal Marine Institute OCS-Related Infrastructure Fact Book Volume II: Communities in the Gulf of Mexico U.S. Department of the Interior Cooperative Agreement Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Coastal Marine Institute Gulf of Mexico OCS Region Louisiana State University OCS Study BOEM 2011-044 Coastal Marine Institute OCS-Related Infrastructure Fact Book Volume II: Communities in the Gulf of Mexico Authors M.F. Kaplan A. Laughland J. Mott December 2011 Prepared under BOEM Cooperative Agreement 1435-01-04-CA-32806-39641 (M08AC12280) by Louisiana State University Center for Energy Studies Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 Published by U.S. Department of the Interior Cooperative Agreement Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Coastal Marine Institute Gulf of Mexico OCS Region Louisiana State University DISCLAIMER This report was prepared under contract between the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and the Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG) under subcontract to Louisiana State University’s Cooperative Agreement 32806, Task Order 39641. This report has been technically reviewed by the BOEM, and it has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the BOEM, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. It is, however, exempt from review and compliance with the BOEM editorial standards. REPORT AVAILABILITY This report is available only in compact disc format from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, at a charge of $15.00, by referencing OCS Study BOEM 2011-043 and 2011-044. The report may be downloaded from the BOEM website through the Environmental Studies Program Information System (ESPIS) . You will be able to obtain this report also from the National Technical Information Service in the near future. Here are the addresses. You may also inspect copies at selected Federal Depository Libraries. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Ocean Energy Management National Technical Information Service Gulf of Mexico OCS Region 5285 Port Royal Road Public Information Office (MS 5034) Springfield, Virginia 22161 1201 Elmwood Park Boulevard Phone: (703) 605-6040 New Orleans, Louisiana 70123-2394 Fax: (703) 605-6900 Telephone requests may be placed at Email: [email protected] (504) 736-2519, 1-800-200-GULF, or Rush Orders: 1-800-553-6847 Fax: (504) 736-2620 CITATION Suggested citation: Kaplan, M.F., A. Laughland, and J. Mott. 2011. OCS-related infrastructure fact book. Volume II: Communities in the Gulf of Mexico. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, LA. OCS Study BOEM 2011-043 and 2011-044. 372 pp. and 163 pp., respectively. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................................xiii 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 2. INFRASTRUCTURE CONCENTRATION....................................................................... 3 2.1. Initial Data Set................................................................................................................ 3 2.2. Parameters of Interest..................................................................................................... 4 2.3. Options for Measurement............................................................................................... 4 2.3.1. Baseline.............................................................................................................. 5 2.3.2. Simple ................................................................................................................ 5 2.3.3. Category by Rank............................................................................................... 5 2.3.3.1. Employees.......................................................................................... 5 2.3.3.2. Pollutant Releases............................................................................... 9 2.3.3.3. Population......................................................................................... 13 2.3.4. Category by Parameter..................................................................................... 17 2.3.4.1. Employees........................................................................................ 18 2.3.4.2. Pollutant Releases............................................................................. 18 2.3.4.3. Population......................................................................................... 19 2.3.5. Facility by Parameter....................................................................................... 19 2.3.5.1. Employees........................................................................................ 19 2.3.5.2. Pollutant Releases............................................................................. 20 2.3.5.3. Population......................................................................................... 20 2.4. Combining Measurements ........................................................................................... 20 2.5. Areas with High Concentrations of OCS-Related Infrastructure................................. 24 2.5.1. BOEM Economic Areas................................................................................... 24 2.5.2. Labor Market Areas ......................................................................................... 26 2.5.3. Counties/Parishes............................................................................................. 27 3. HURRICANES, INFRASTRUCTURE CONCENTRATIONS, AND COMMUNITIES OF INTEREST...................................................................................... 31 3.1. Overview...................................................................................................................... 31 3.1.1. Hurricane Katrina............................................................................................. 31 3.1.2. Hurricane Rita.................................................................................................. 31 3.2. Storm Surge Data......................................................................................................... 32 3.3. Wind Speed.................................................................................................................. 32 3.4. Communities of Interest............................................................................................... 34 v TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page 4. HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS.............................................................................................. 35 4.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................. 35 4.2. Built Environment........................................................................................................ 35 4.2.1. Human Geography/Population Centers............................................................ 35 4.2.2. Transportation and Communication................................................................. 36 4.2.3. Physical Infrastructure ..................................................................................... 36 4.2.4. Interaction between Built and Physical Environments .................................... 37 4.3. History.......................................................................................................................... 42 4.3.1. Prehistory......................................................................................................... 42 4.3.2. Early Settlement............................................................................................... 42 4.3.3. Economic History............................................................................................. 42 4.4. Demographic Characteristics....................................................................................... 43 4.4.1. Population Growth........................................................................................... 43 4.4.2. Age and Ethnicity............................................................................................. 44 4.5. Economy ...................................................................................................................... 45 4.5.1. Income and Poverty.......................................................................................... 45 4.5.2. Employment..................................................................................................... 46 4.5.3. House Prices..................................................................................................... 49 4.5.4. Military Installations........................................................................................ 49 4.5.5. Marine-Based Activities................................................................................... 49 4.5.6. Tourism............................................................................................................ 49 4.6. Local Government.......................................................................................................