NOMINATION of THE HISTORIC MONUMENTS AND SITES IN KAESONG for Inscription on the World Heritage List Democratic People’s Republic of Korea NOMINATION CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................3 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROPERTY ....................................................................... 11 1 (A) COUNTRY ................................................................................................................................................ 11 1 (B) STATE, PROVINCE OR REGION ...................................................................................................................... 11 1 (C) NAME OF PROPERTY .................................................................................................................................. 12 1 (D) GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES TO THE NEAREST SECOND ................................................................................... 14 1 (E) MAPS AND PLANS, SHOWING THE BOUNDARIES OF THE NOMINATED PROPERTY AND BUFFER ZONE ............................ 15 1 (F) AREA OF NOMINATED PROPERTY (HA.) AND PROPOSED BUFFER ZONE (HA.) .......................................................... 17 2. DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................... 21 2 (A) DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY ......................................................................................................................... 23 2 (B) HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................................................... 112 3. JUSTIFICATION FOR INSCRIPTION ......................................................................... 143 3 (A) CRITERIA UNDER WHICH PROPERTY IS NOMINATED (AND JUSTIFICATION FOR INSCRIPTION UNDER THESE CRITERIA) ... 143 3 (B) STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE ......................................................................................... 146 3 (C) COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................... 148 3 (D) AUTHENTICITY AND INTEGRITY ................................................................................................................... 165 4. STATE OF CONSERVATION AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROPERTY .. 171 4 (A) PRESENT STATE OF CONSERVATION ............................................................................................................ 171 4 (B) FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROPERTY ............................................................................................................ 178 5. PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE PROPERTY ................................... 185 5 (A) OWNERSHIP ........................................................................................................................................... 185 5 (B) PROTECTIVE DESIGNATION ........................................................................................................................ 185 5 (C) MEANS OF IMPLEMENTING PROTECTIVE MEASURES ....................................................................................... 187 5 (D) EXISTING PLANS RELATED TO MUNICIPALITY AND REGION IN WHICH THE PROPOSED PROPERTY IS LOCATED ................ 197 5 (E) PROPERTY MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ........................................................................... 198 5 (F) SOURCE AND SCALE OF FINANCE ................................................................................................................. 204 5 (G) SOURCES OF EXPERTISE AND EDUCATION FOR TECHNIQUES OF CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT ......................... 204 5 (H) FACILITIES AND STATISTICS FOR VISIT ........................................................................................................... 205 5 (I) POLICIES AND PROGRAMS FOR UNDERSTANDING AND PROMOTION OF THE PROPERTY ........................................... 207 5 (J) STAFFING LEVELS (PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL, MAINTENANCE) ........................................................................ 208 6. MONITORING .................................................................................................................. 211 6 (A) KEY INDICATORS FOR MEASURING STATE OF CONSERVATION ............................................................................ 211 6 (B) ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS FOR MONITORING PROPERTY ....................................................................... 212 6 (C) RESULTS OF PREVIOUS REPORTING EXERCISES (PROVIDE TITLE AND BRIEF SUMMARY OF EACH OF THE REPORTS MENTIONED BELOW)................................................................................................................................................. 214 7. DOCUMENTATION ......................................................................................................... 217 7 (A) PHOTOGRAPHS, SLIDES, IMAGE INVENTORY AND AUTHORIZATION TABLE AND OTHER AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS .......... 217 7 (B) TEXTS RELATING TO PROTECTIVE DESIGNATION, COPIES OF PROPERTY MANAGEMENT PLANS OR DOCUMENTED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND EXTRACTS OF OTHER PLANS RELEVANT TO THE PROPERTY ......................................... 224 7(C) FORM AND DATE OF MOST RECENT RECORDS OR INVENTORY OF THE PROPERTY .................................................... 231 7(D) ADDRESS WHERE INVENTORY, RECORDS AND ARCHIVES ARE HELD ...................................................................... 231 7(E) BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................................ 232 Kaesong, the capital of the first unified state in Korea i NOMINATION 8. CONTACT INFORMATION OF RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITIES ........................... 237 8 (A) PREPARER ............................................................................................................................................. 237 8 (B) OFFICIAL LOCAL INSTITUTION /AGENCY ....................................................................................................... 237 8 (C) OTHER LOCAL INSTITUTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 237 8 (D) OFFICIAL WEB ADDRESS ........................................................................................................................... 238 9. SIGNATURE ON BEHALF OF THE STATE PARTY ................................................. 241 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................... 245 APPENDIX 1: GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................................ 245 APPENDIX 2: CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE HISTORY OF KAESONG .............................................................................. 247 APPENDIX 3: LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION FOR PHOTOGRAPHS USED IN NOMINATION DOCUMENTS ..................................... 249 APPENDIX 4: LAWS RELATED TO THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE ...................................................................... 251 APPENDIX 5: STRUCTURE OF KAESONG CITY CULTURAL PRESERVATION COMMITTEE ......................................................... 276 Kaesong, the capital of the first unified state in Korea ii NOMINATION LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Diagrammatic representation of ............................................................................................. 25 Figure 2: General view of Manwoldae against Mt. Songak ................................................................... 26 Figure 3: Four Great Staircases before the site of Hoegyong Hall ......................................................... 28 Figure 4: Site of the Western Group of Buildings .................................................................................. 30 Figure 5: Sites of palace buildings in central group of buildings, Manwoldae ...................................... 32 Figure 6: Sites of gates in Manwoldae ................................................................................................... 33 Figure 7: Remains of Kaesong Chomsongdae ....................................................................................... 36 Figure 8: Architectural structure of Kaesong Chomsongdae ................................................................. 36 Figure 9: “Manwol Hoego” (1612) ........................................................................................................ 37 Figure 10: Kaesong Chomsongdae ........................................................................................................ 39 Figure 11: Western part of the Outer Wall, Kaesong Walls .................................................................. 43 Figure 12: Kaesong Namdae Gate ......................................................................................................... 48 Figure 13: Kaesong Namdae Gate ......................................................................................................... 50 Figure 14: General view of Koryo Songgyungwan ................................................................................ 53 Figure 15: Lecture-hall Compound ........................................................................................................ 54 Figure 16: Koryo Songgyungwan