Selecting Peer Reviewed Journals and Research and Publishing ETHICS Wayan Darmawan IPB 1 OUT LINE The road to publication Selecting the proper Journal Research and Publishing Ethics 2 The Road to Publication 1. Manage submissions 5. Publish & 2. Manage Disseminate Peer Review DOING WRITING PUBLISHER RESEARCH ARTICLE 4. Production 3. Edit & prepare 3 Questions to answer before you write Think about WHY you want to publish your work. Is it new and interesting? . Is it a current hot topic? . Have you provided solutions to some difficult problems? . Are you ready to publish at this point? If all answers are yes then start preparations for your manuscript 4 What type of manuscript? . Full articles / Original articles: the most important papers, significant completed pieces of research. Letters / Rapid Communications/ Short communications: quick and early communication of significant and original advances. Much shorter than full articles (check limitations). Review papers / perspectives: summarize recent developments on a specific topic. Highlight important previously reported points. Self-evaluate your work. Is it sufficient for a full article? Or are your results so thrilling that they should be shown as soon as possible? Ask your supervisor and your colleagues for advice on manuscript type. 5 1. Select the proper journal for submission . Search a Journal by Journal Finder. Ask yourself the following questions: . Is the journal peer-reviewed? . Is the journal relevant? . Is the journal a prestigious journal? . Is the journal discoverable? . Is the journal open access? 6 1.1 Journal Finders Scholarly Peer review is the process of subjecting an author's scholarly work, research, or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field, before a paper describing this work is published in a journal, conference proceedings or as a book. Some Journal Finders : Elsevier Journal finder Manuscript matcher Springer Nature Suggester 7 Elsevier Journal finder (Scopus) 8 Manuscript matcher (Thomson Reuters) 9 Springer Nature Suggester (Scopus) Radial Variation in Selected Wood Properties of Indonesian Merkusii Pine ABSTRACT Life Sciences 10 11 1.2 Is the journal peer-reviewed? Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory (300,000 journal, 900 subject) Open Ulrich's. 1. Open Ulrich's web 2. Type the JOURNAL TITLE into the search box, and click the green search button. 3. In the search results, look for a referee jersey icon to indicate that a journal is refereed, which is a synonym for peer-reviewed. 4. Or you can click on a journal to see the full record. 12 1.3 Is the journal relevant? https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/forestry/journal/13196 Aims and Scope The Journal aims to cover research on all aspects of Wood Science and allied fields relating to resource utilization of wood. In essence it relates to all aspects of utilization including processing, sales and marketing of wood, its products and other lignocellulosic materials both from forestry and agricultural origin. 13 1.4 Is the Journal a prestigious journal? Check Journal Impact 1. Impact Factor (IF) Web of Science database The impact factor (IF) is used to measure the importance or rank of a journal by calculating the times it's articles are cited. Calculation of 2017 IF of a journal: A = the number of times articles published in 2015 and 2016 were cited by indexed journals during 2017 (example : 500 times) B = the total number of "citable items" published in 2015 and 2016. (2015 = 120 articles, 2016 = 120 articles) 2017 impact factor = A/B = 500/240 = 2.08 14 2. SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) SCOPUS data based https://www.scimagojr.com/ Journal of Indian Academy of Wood Science 15 Quartile Q3 H index 5 h index of 20 is good, 40 is outstanding, and 60 is truly exceptional. The advantage of the h-index is that it combines productivity (i.e., number of papers produced) and impact (number of citations) in a single number. 16 The Importance of the Rank in DIKTI 1. Jurnal International Bereputasi : Scopus indexed SJR with Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 Web of Science with an IF Special Term/Requirement for Prof submission 2. Jurnal Internasional Scopus indexed but without SJR Web of Science without IF 17 1.5 Is the Journal discoverable? A journal is more likely to be discovered if it is indexed by a major journal database providing easy access to content to researchers. To make our article more discoverable: 1. Provide keywords when submit article the Journal 2. Register to Google Scholar and or Scopus 3. Use personal webpage 4. Use your ORCiD identifier 18 1.6 Is the Journal open access? Good starting place to search for open access journal 1. The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) https://doaj.org/ 2. The Directory of Open Access Scholarly (ROAD) http://road.issn.org/ 3. Open database of the Journal Search the content 19 https://doaj.org/ 20 OPEN ACCESS 21 Support Open Access 22 Support Open Access 23 Decide on one journal. DO NOT submit to multiple journals. Ethics in Science and Publication 24 ETHICS in Research and Publishing 25 2. Research and Publishing Ethics Research misconduct vs publishing misconduct are they the same thing? • There is much focus on publication fraud and whether the publication system is “broken” • BUT most research misconduct begins before the paper, and is only caught when it is published, which puts more attention on publication misconduct 26 2.1 Reports on Article Retraction News Press 27 “A surprising upsurge in the number of “There are many theories for why retractions and fraud have scientific papers that have had to be retracted increased. A benign view suggests that because journals are now published online and more accessible to a wider audience, it’s easier because they were wrong or even fraudulent for experts to spot erroneous or fraudulent papers. A darker view has journal editors and ethicists wringing their suggests that publish-or-perish pressures in the race to be first with hands. The retracted papers are a small a finding and to place it in a prestigious journal has driven scientists fraction of the vast flood of research published to make sloppy mistakes or even falsify data. The solutions are not each year, but they offer a revealing glimpse of obvious, but clearly greater vigilance by reviewers and editors is the pressures driving many scientists to needed.” improper conduct.” 28 From Journals 2017 1. It seems that every year, an old record falls. This year 3. Second time wasn’t the charm for a study linking vaccines (2017) saw the shattering of the record for the most to autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. After the retractions issued by one journal in a single day, when paper was quickly retracted from a Frontiers journal in 2016, Springer retracted 107 papers from Tumor Biology after it was republished in the Journal of Translational Science in discovering all had been tainted by fake peer reviews. May, 2017—then retracted again only days later. (Strangely, a version of the paper reappeared online; we asked the journal 2. 2017 was a rough year for Brian Wansink, a food for an explanation but never heard back.) scientist at Cornell University. After researchers raised questions about his work following a blog post he 4. May was a bad month for Rony Seger. The molecular published at the end of 2016, the notices began piling biologist at The Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel lost up. He ended the year with five retractions (including nine papers on a single day, all of them in the Journal of one paper that was retracted twice, after the revised Biological Chemistry. The reason: image manipulation. Seger, version was also retracted), and 13 corrections. Although who has 11 retractions in all, is under investigation by his Cornell initially determined his research was tainted by institution, which also barred him from mentoring graduate mistakes, not misconduct, the institution recently told students. BuzzFeed it was re-investigating. 29 Elsevier retracting 26 papers accepted because of fake reviews December 21, 2017 Elsevier has retracted 13 papers—and says it will retract 13 more—after discovering they were accepted because of fake reviews. A spokesperson for Elsevier told us that the journals are in the process of retracting all 26 papers affected by the “peer- review manipulation” and “unexplained authorship irregularities.” Most share one corresponding author, a physical science researcher based in Iran. 30 Progress in Retractions Ricahrd Van Noorden, Nature (2011) Carl Zimmer, NYTimes 31 (2012) Some studies on misconduct RETRACTIONS ARE ON THE RISE Fang, Steen, Casadevall (2012) Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications : 10x increase in retractions due to fraud since 1975 Reasons for retraction: error (21.3%), misconduct (67.4%) including, fraud or suspected fraud (43.4%), duplicate publication (14.2%), and plagiarism (9.8%). Van Noorden (2011) Nature The trouble with retractions in last 10 Web of Science tracks number of retractions to increase 10x Journal of Cell Biology--routine screening of accepted papers for figure manipulation, since 2004. 25% of accepted manuscripts have at least one figure manipulation. 1% of accepted papers have image manipulation that impacts conclusions 32 Is this problem? • Number of retracted papers are still small percent of all science published (0.02%) • More scientists, more papers? But growth in retractions outpacing growth in # papers • Digital/electronic makes easier to detect some types of fraud/plagiarism various software systems for detecting image manipulation, plagiarism 33 2.2 Research Misconduct A common definition by: US-Public Health Service, Office of Research Integrity) and accepted by many international agencies/institutions: Research misconduct includes, fabrication, falsification or plagiarism, in proposing, performing or reviewing research or in reporting research results.