Common Ferns And Allies of New Brunswick Botany Blast May 2019 What is a fern? • a vascular cryptogram – reproduces by spores • have vascular conductive structures, but do not produce seed • all New Brunswick species are herbaceous Fern Allies (30) Club-mosses – 14 Spike-mosses – 2 Quillworts – 6 Horsetails – 10 True Ferns (60) Adder’s-tongue fern – 13 Virginia Chain Fern Flowering Ferns – 3 (Woodwardia virginica) Royal Fern Curly Grass Fern – 1 (Osmunda regalis) Maidenhair – 2 Hay-Scented – 2 Marsh Fern – 4 Chain Fern – 1 Spleenwort – 3 Woodfern – 31 Polypody - 2 Ferns Gameotophyte pix.botany.org/set02/02-041h_300.jpg Stern 1985 Lycopodium dendroideum (Prickly Tree Club-moss) (14 species in NB) www.lino.com/.../lycopodium_dendroideum.jpg www.uwgb.edu/.../lycden_aspect01.jpg Lycopodium hickeyi (Hickey’s Tree Club-moss) www.lino.com/.../images/lycopodium_hickeyi.jpg Lycopodium obscurum (Flat-branched Ground Pine) www.portableherbarium.com/Lycopodium-obscurum.jpg Lycopodium annotinum (Stiff Club-moss) www.portableherbarium.com/Lycopodium-annotinu ispb.univ-lyon1.fr/cours/botanique/photos_pte Huperzia lucidula (Shining Club-moss) upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/ www.uwgb.edu/.../hupluc_aspect02.jpg Lycopodium clavatum (Running Club-moss) www.lino.com/.../images/lycopodium_clavatum.jpg www.hlasek.com/foto/lycopodium_clavatum_a5774.jpg Diphasiastrum digitatum (Ground Pine) www.science.siu.edu/landplants/Lycophyta/imag www.lino.com/.../diphasiastrum_digitatum.jpg Diphasiastrum complanatum (Ground-cedar) www.uwgb.edu wisplants.uwsp.edu/photos/DIPCOM_EP.jpg Copyright © by Maciej Romański Diphasiastrum tristachyum (Blue Ground-cedar) www.nhm.ac.uk/.../bps/rasbach/RAS007M.JPG Spike-mosses (2 species in NB) Selaginella rupestris Rock Spike-moss Selaginella selaginoides Northern Spike-moss Quillworts (NB has 6 species) Isoetes echinospora www.paflora.org/Isoetes%20echinospora.jpg (Spiny Quillwort) www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/bps/wof/WF015TL.GIF www.rook.org/.../ferns/isoetes_echinospora.jpg www.florelaurentienne.com/flore/Groupes/Pteri Horsetails Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail § NB has 9-10 species www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/bps/wof/WF0134.JPG floracyberia.net/.../equisetum_arvense.jpg Equisetum arvense (Common Field Horsetail) Clute 1905 Clute 1905 www.pharmakobotanik.de/schfld/Equiset2.jpg Equisetum fluviatile (Water Horsetail) www.henriettesherbal.com/pictures/p05/images/ www.henriettesherbal.com/pictures/p05/images Equisetum sylvaticum (Wood Horsetail) www.portableherbarium.com/Equisetum-sylvaticu. popgen.unimaas.nl/.../Equisetum.sylvaticum.jpg Artificial Divisions of Fern • The Clumpers: Adiantum, Athyrium, Deparia, Dryopteris, Matteuccia, Osmunda, Polystichum. • The Stringers: Cystopteris, Denstaedtia, Gymnocarpium, Onoclea, Phegopteris, Polypodium, Pteridium, Thelypteris, Woodwardia. • The Cliff Ferns: Asplenium, Cryptogramma, Cystopteris, Dryopteris, Gymnocarpium, Polypodium, Woodsia. • The Odd Balls: Botrychium, • Ophioglossum, Schizaea. Athyrium filix-femina (Lady Fern) www.hlasek.com/foto/athyrium_filix-femina_a29 Pteridium aquilnum (Bracken Fern) Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Hay-scented Fern) Hay-scented Fern with fruit dots Cryptogramma stelleri (Slender Cliff-Brake) www.ct-botanical-society.org/ferns/fernpics/c. www.fs.fed.us/r9/wildlife/photos/plants/image... Asplenium ruta- muraria Wall-Rue Spleenwort http://www.msrosenthal.com/Ferns/images/New_England_Images/Asplenium_ruta-muraria.jpg Botrychium Odd Balls matricariifolium (Daisy-leaf Grape Fern Ophioglossum pusillum (Adder’s Tongue) www.hlasek.com Schizaea pusilla (Curly-grass Fern) www.mass.gov/.../adder.jpg herbarium.rutgers.edu/clip _image002_0000.jpg plants.usda.gov/gallery/ standard/scpu2_1v.jpg Botrychium virginianum Rattlesnake Fern http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/ferns/fernpics/botrychiumvirg.jpg Botrychium multifidum Botrychium minganense Leathery Grape-Fern Mingan Moonwort http://www.oulu.fi/perameri/kasvit%20ja%2 0elaimet/kasvit/ahonoidanlukko.jpg http://plants.usda.gov/gallery/standard/bomi_001_svp.jpg Additonal ways to Group Ferns • Where is the fertile portion? – on a separate frond (dimorphic) – on a limited section of a frond – just about everywhere • Are they evergreen? • What habitat are they in? – uplands – wetlands – cliffs • wet • dry • What type of soil are they growing in – acid to netural – basic Osmunda cinnamomea (Cinnamon Fern) www.ct-botanical-society.org/.../osmundacinn.jpg Osmunda claytoniana (Interrupted Fern) http://thosedarnsqurls.mswin.net/Osmunda_claytoniana.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/ Osmunda_claytoniana_JSG.jpg/300px-Osmunda_claytoniana_JSG.jpg Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas Fern) Athyrium filix-femina (Lady Fern) hardyfernlibrary.com/ferns/tind%5Cathyrium-fi www.fibrex.co.uk/images/photos/athyrium%20fil online-media.uni-marburg.de/biologie/botex/ex This ‘Pinnate’ business Radford 1986 Places spores are found Stern 1985 The common Wood Ferns Dryopteris campyloptera (Mountain Woodfern) www.arthurhaines.com/Florae_Novae_Angliae/Pol Dryopteris carthusiana (Spinulose Woodfern) linnaeus.nrm.se/.../polypodia/dryop/dryocar1.jpg delta-intkey.com/britfe/images/drycar01.jpg Dryopteris intermedia (Evergreen Woodfern) Frond Taper Thelypteris noveboracensis (New York Fern) Matteuccia struthiopteris (Fiddlehead Fern) nefern.info/jpgs/ny2.JPG linnaeus.nrm.se/.../polypodia/matte/mattstr7.jpg Cystopteris bulbifera Bulblet Bladder Fern www.uwgb.edu/.../cysbul_bulblet01.jpg http://www.gutenberg.org/files/11365/11365-h/images/fern149.jpg Fertile Frond remains Matteuccia Onoclea Osmunda struthiopteris sensibilis cinnamomea (Fiddlehead Fern) (Sensitive Fern) (Cinnamon Fern) www.lino.com/.../image www.lino.com/.../images/os hardyfernlibrary.com/f s/onoclea_sensibilis.jpg munda_cinnamomea.jpg erns/tind%5Cmatteuccia http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Gymno Gymnocarpium dryopteris carpium_dryopteris_AT.JPG/800px-Gymnocarpium_dryopteris_AT.JPG Northern Oak Fern Fiddlehead Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris) .