ONSHORE IN A NUTSHELL EXPERTISE & TECHNOLOGY DIVERSE RESOURCES, LOCAL ACCEPTABILITY n onshore activities, initiatives are deployed to limit impact on the local population DIVERSE CHALLENGES and environment. The electrifi cation of well pads, drilling rigs and central processing Ifacilities from the national grid, together with improved energy effi ciency technologies, contribute to GHG reduction. Another contributor to the reduction of our carbon footprint and energy optimization is the solarization of some of our onshore assets. At Tempa Rossa, in Italy’s Sauro valley, produced water is treated to very stringent specifi cations and is used to supply the demineralization unit or as fi rewater. Diyab, an unconventional gas play to the west of the ADNOC onshore concession in Abu Dhabi, adopts a minimum fl aring policy, the reduction and reuse of water for well fracking, the solarization of well pads etc. Expertise and new techniques have provided numerous solutions on onshore installations. For example, drones were deployed in the OML 58 fi eld in Nigeria for fl ooding evaluation (and security patrols). Gas processing plant, Field of Aguada Pichana, Neuquén province, Patagonia. © VON DER FECHT FLORIAN /TOTAL plant, Field of Aguada Pichana, Neuquén province, Gas processing In Italy, the use of robots for inspection and remote well-pad access has been successfully geared towards preventing personnel exposure to certain hazardous of Ngiri 3 rig, Uganda © ZYLBERMAN LAURENT/TOTAL in front Children situations as well as reducing maintenance costs. Tilenga, Uganda. Vaca Muerta, Neuquén Province, Argentina. Today, onshore activities account for 44% of Total’s production, with 1.3 million boe/d. Onshore, which UNCONVENTIONAL constitutes approximately 60% of the Group’s reserves, is characterized by the high level of diversity of AND CONVENTIONAL sites that are developed in harsh environments, such as the deserts of Algeria and the UAE, the primary nconventional Group’s unconventional well performance improvement forest of Papua New Guinea, the urban environment of Barnett (US) or the hostile permafrost conditions projects play a key operations, such as the 2,700 processes are implemented in the Northern Arctic Circle in Russia. The produced fl uids range from heavy to light oil and from U role in Total’s onshore wells in Barnett, are applied to to optimize the time spent on gas condensate to dry gas, the reservoirs ranging from conventional to tight and unconventional. activities and include a wide- conventional developments every operation and boost ranging diversity of reservoirs such as Tilenga (Uganda), effi ciency. containing oil and gas from which will be equipped with The Group has also gained a shale , tight and coalbed compact pads and where high level of expertise in early methane. Vaca Muerta factory drilling techniques are production facilities used to (in Neuquén, Argentina), used to accelerate drilling of de-risk and phase Total holds the world record length for an onshore vertical well, Total’s fi rst operated shale over 400 wells. Custom-made developments and speed up drilled at Tempa Rossa in Italy asset, is one of the biggest wells are no longer used for activities to reduce time to unconventional fi nds in the such developments, which market, with discovery to fi rst Key Figures world, covering a surface area favor simplifi ed techniques, gas achieved in only two 7,148 meters of around 30,000 sq. km. standardized materials years, as in Dyab (UAE) and The learning curves from the and procedures. Detailed Rincon la Ceniza (Neuquén). Acquisition TOTAL'S OPERATED ONSHORE ASSETS 1964 1993 2002 2006 2010 20092012 2014 2017 2018 2018 Nigeria Argentina Italy Bolivia US Uganda Papua New Guinea Uganda/Tanzania Kazakhstan UAE NLNG - JV Onshore - OML58 Neuquen Tempa Rossa Incahuasi (Unconventional - Barnett) (Upstream - Tilenga) PRL 15 Upstream EACOP (Midstream) Dunga Unconventional Diyab Start-up: 1966 1995 2019 2016 2004 2024 2027 2024 2000 2025+ Share: 40% 31% 50% 50% 90.5% 56.67% 40.1% 72% 60% 40% 43 kb/d 16.2 Mcu.m/d 30 kb/d 27.2 Mcu.m/d 50 kb/d 0.6 Mcu.m/d 10 kb/d 11.3 Mcu.m/d NA 104 Mcu.m/d 204 kb/d 0.9 Mcu.m/d 16 kb/d 27.1 Mcu.m/d NA NA 20 kb/d NA NA 0.6 Mcu.m/d Liquid production capacity Gas production capacity kb/d: thousand barrels per day Mcu.m/d: million cubic meters per day 2 3 BIG DATA © TOTAL UAE © TOTAL any of Total’s onshore fi elds are very mature and were developed with STIMULATED ROCK VOLUME (SRV) NEW HEIGHTS OF M numerous wells. This generates a huge amount of data over the years. This data RV refers to the volume of hydrocarbon-bearing rock TECHNICAL EXPERTISE is crucial for understanding the fi eld’s dynamic that is stimulated by pumping large volumes of water behavior and for a proper management of S and sand at high pressures into the formation. This the reservoir and subsequent production. hydraulic fracturing (or “fracking”) is used in tight to ultra- The well production data (daily oil output, tight reservoirs and plays an important role to achieve water and gas rate, pressure at well head etc.) commerciality in a number of the Group’s onshore is incorporated into the dynamic model and assets in Argentina, Algeria and the UAE, for example. It reproduced as closely as possible with the aims at delivering maximum stimulation benefi t at the simulator (history matching phase). To perform minimum cost, to create artifi cial reservoirs to produce an adequate history match, a good 2G&R hydrocarbons from the tight formations. (Geophysics, Geology & Reservoir) synthesis Fracking is often required to extract unconventional must be performed. Various scenarios can be resources commercially, and some ultra-tight rocks, tested and the development of the fi eld can sometimes referred to as “unconventional”, will not fl ow at be optimized with a technical-economic study. all without systematic fracturing. The Total's onshore team The main challenge in big data is to assess the has developed a specifi c SRV know-how to better control quality of the data and correct it if inaccurate. fracking operations and ultimately enhance recovery of Managing the data presents a signifi cant hydrocarbons from tight plays with the minimum possible challenge, as it is important to get the most number of optimally-positioned wells. out of it. Some fi elds use highly organized SRV-integrated workfl ows are applied at various stages of databases, while for others, preliminary work on the maturity of a play, from exploration to development. restructuring the data needs to be carried out. They forecast every step in the lifespan of our plays to Analyzing big data is facilitated by state-of-the streamline processes to be prepared for several possible art tools available on the market and ambitious scenarios. They enable us to determine the most optimal tools developed in-house to meet the specifi c parameters before, during and after the fracking process. needs of engineers and geoscientists of Total, Based on the geological and geomechanical features The ASAB onshore carbonate reservoir, Abu Dhabi. such as Sismage CIG, Intersect, T-more, Fast of the rock, they provide an indication of the optimal Reservoir Forecaster (FRF). conditions for our processes. Total has developed a wide range of customized design solutions and equipment, maintaining a very high operating effi ciency of nearly 95% in onshore operated facilities even in extreme conditions. The deployment of polymer injection (EOR), big data, stimulated rock volume, compact plant and well pads are good examples of COMPACT PLANT AND WELLPADS this technical expertise implemented in onshore activities. s part of the Onshore with 2% ultimate capex savings directly Key fi gures Technological Roadmap, two linked to a 15% surface reduction. As a projects were initiated targeting result, a formal monitoring and effi cient Polymer injection: A the promotion of compact concepts optimization of the onshore units’ emissions halved on the ASAB fi eld to only in our installations to reduce costs and surface is introduced at very early study ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY our environmental footprint. phases and an eff ort is maintained POLYMER INJECTION The fi rst project is about ‘Compact during the project’s subsequent 7 kg Plant’. A broad analysis of onshore development and challenged at key otal is a leading So how does polymer test success, Total has become plants was conducted to check if layout and 3D model review stages. pioneer in Enhanced injection work? In the case a reference for polymer EOR space usage was optimal, considering The second project, called ‘Well-pad CO2e/bbl T Oil Recovery (EOR) of the Thamama B reservoir, with its partner ADNOC. multiple criteria related to safety Optimization’, aimed to improve techniques and reached a the upper section is 50 times The utilization of the polymer distances and layout complexity. The the design of onshore drilling technological milestone by more permeable than the injection technique has target was to identify what drives pads while maintaining reliable successfully injecting a cost lower section. This means that yielded commendable results gains in making onshore plants more and safe operations. A simple and eff ective new-generation when water is injected into the where carbon emissions are compact. A ‘Compactness Index’ effi cient design was achieved via polymer (SAV10) into the ASAB reservoir, not all of the oil is concerned, and it minimizes was introduced and calculated for the contextualization of onshore onshore carbonate reservoir in recovered in the lower section. the produced water volume. numerous types of assets: safety engineering principles, layout Abu Dhabi. This process boosts Injecting the SAV10 polymer On the Tilenga project in onshore, off shore, FPSOs, optimization by reviewing safety and oil recovery and maximizes into the interface between the Uganda, polymer injection refi neries etc.