Kingdom of Cambodia Nation Religion King rrrrrsssss Poverty Reduction by Capital, Pronvices, Municipalities, Districts, Khans and Communes, Sangkats Based on Commune Data Base (CDB), year 2004-2012 Selected to present on Maps and Graphics National Average 40.0 35.1 34.2 35.0 32.9 30.7 29.3 30.0 27.4 25.8 24.5 overty Ratio (%) overty 25.0 22.7 20.0 15.0 casting for P casting 10.0 Fore 5.0 0.0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Source: Commune-Sangkat of Ministry of Planning (2003-2011) Prepared by Working Group of Decentralize and Deconcentration and Sethkomar Ministry of Planning, July 2012 Preface The Commune Data Base (CDB) is established and purposed for responding the need of Commune-Sangkat (C/S) in the process of C/S development planning and investment program as well as any decision making. The CDB collection is regularly conducted at the second-mid of December in every year. Working Group of Decentralization and Deconcentration and Sethkomar (WGDDS) of Ministry of Planning (MoP) who is led by HE. Hou Tang Eng, secretary of state, has studied and prepared the questionnaires for the data collection and transformed the raw data into the computer systems for Capital, Provinces (CP), municipalities, Districts and Khans (MDK) and C/S of database. This WGDDS has also regularly spent it efforts to deliver the trainings to CP planning officers and relevant stakeholders to become the master of trainers, and to be capable for obligated officers in order to support the C/S councils. Since year 2006 to this present, the CDB was increasingly developed for the quantity, essence and quality within greatness. Furthermore, the requirement information data are plentiful needy sources. In this current situation, the WGDDS has well collaborated with the technical skill officers of Monitoring and Evaluation Unit of National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development (NCDD), with international technical expertise of UNDP have studied and innovated the C/S-CDB, and producing the book of poverty and Cambodian Millennium Development Goal throughout the selected presentation on the maps and graphics of year 2003 and 2009 in which was published in March 2010. In this year 2012, the WGDDS of MoP, is continuing to collaborate, and has studied and produced the book in which was selected the presenting on the maps and graphics on poverty reduction for CP, MDK and C/S in 2004-2012 based on the CDB. The ministry of planning is gratefully enthusiastic to WGDDS of MoP who is led by HE.Hou Tang Eng, a secretary of state that was spending his efforts for studding and producing this book. Gratefully thanks for supporting by secretariat of NCDD and UNDP. The Ministry of Planning has expected that will be supporting and giving the recommendation from all data users in this book. Senior Minister Ministrer of Ministry of Planning CHHAY THOR 2 Content Notice………………………………………………………………………………………...…. 4 Part 1: segment of poverty rate (%) by Capital and Provinces in year 2004…………………... 6 Part 2: segment of poverty rate (%) in 2008 by Capital and Province…………...……............. 6 Part 3: segment of poverty rate (%) in 2012 by Capital and Province year…………………… 7 Part 4: segment of poverty rate (%) by Municipalities, Districts, Khans in year 2004……….. 9 Part 5: segment of poverty rate (%) by Municipalities, Districts, Khans in year 2008……….. 9 Part 6: segment of poverty rate (%) by Municipalities, Districts, Khans in year 2012............... 10 Part 7: segment of poverty rate (%) by Communes-Sangkats in year 2004…………………… 10 Part 8: segment of poverty rate (%) by Commune-Sangbat in year 2008…………………....... 11 Part 9: segment of poverty rate (%) by Commune-Sangbad in year 2012……………………… 11 Poverty Rate by Commune-Sangkat…………………………………………………………. 12 1.Banteay Meanchey……………………………………………………………………………. 12 2.Battambang…………………………………………………………………………………… 15 3.Kampong Cham………………………………………………………………………………. 19 4.Kampong Chhnang…………………………………………………………………………… 24 5.Kampong Speu………………………………………………………………………………... 29 6.Kampong Thom………………………………………………………………………………. 30 7.Kampot……………………………………………………………………………………….. 33 8.Kandal………………………………………………………………………………………… 36 9.Koh Kong……………………………………………………………………………………... 40 10.Kracheh……………………………………………………………………………………… 42 11.Mondul Kiri………………………………………………………………………………….. 45 12.Phnom Penh…………………………………………………………………………………. 47 13.Preah Vihear…………………………………………………………………………………. 50 14.Prey Veng……………………………………………………………………………………. 53 15.Pursat………………………………………………………………………………………… 57 16.Ratanak Kiri…………………………………………………………………………………. 60 17.Siem Reap…………………………………………………………………………………… 63 18.Preah Sihanouk 66 19.Stung Treng………………………………………………………………………………….. 68 20.Svay Rieng…………………………………………………………………………………... 71 21.Takeo………………………………………………………………………………………… 74 22.Otdar Meanchey……………………………………………………………………………... 77 23.Kep…………………………………………………………………………………………... 79 24.Pailin………………………………………………………………………………………… 80 3 Notice Methods for assessment of the poverty situation by using the C/S-CDB A. The C/S-CDB is an administrative data which is recorded the information of socio- economic and is collected every at the end of December. It is established and used for the purpose in supporting the development planning and investment program at sub-national level, and allocation of C/S fund based on the (Poverty Score). The C/S CDB is potential used in the other multi-purposes. Those potentials are is a tool to monitor the progressive implemented the Millennium Development Goal at sub-national level, tool for comparison analysis of the poverty ranged by region, geography and an administrative region to other geography administrative regions, and from a period to another. B. 1. C/S-CDB, is not consisted the information of each family expenditure, but it has contained the information of reflective indicators of utilizing expenditure such as size of family, illiterate level, home condition, and other obtaining of local services. The methods in assessment of poverty by using the C/S-CDB, are the following: Step1: There are 13 of indicators in CDB which are reflecting the utilized expenditure or the poverty rate, those indicators are: 1. Ratio of family without latrine used and family. 2. Ratio of family has the television and family. 3. Ratio of family has the motor-cycle and family. 4. Ratio of family has the bike and family. 5. Sizes of family. 6. Ratio of concrete home and family. 7. Ratio of family has the thatched home and family. 8. Ratio of literacy women, aged between 16-60. 9. Ratio of men, aged between 18-60 and total population. 10. Ratio of women giving birth delivery by traditional midwife and family. 11. Ratio of family with electricity used. 12. Ratio of children, aged between 6-14, who don’t go to school 13. Ratio of home with water sources and has distance 150 meters from home. Step 2: The estimation of poverty situation in which is used the CDB as an indirect methods, called “Small Area Estimation” through the model of robust multi-level mixed effect regression. This step is formulated an statistical equation by using the poverty rate from sample size villages which is extracted from the independent variable of poverty families (independent variable predicted), and the village database which is extracted from the CDB for dependent’s variable (variable for prediction the independent variable), there are describing in step 1. The above model is also modified in relation the issues of non- morality, heteroscedasticity, case of outlier: size x and y and intra cluster correlation which is selected the C/S as random effect. This model is used the CDB at the end of each year for the estimated poverty rate at the beginning of each year. Step 3: When we’ve received an appropriately estimation of all regression at the Right of statistically equation at above statistic in step 2. We can predict an independent variable (poverty rate) for all villages and any year that all information is contributed by CDB. 4 B. 2.Due to the sample villages, that are identified from ID-poverty families in round 1 and round 2 (during the formulation of a statistically equation) that has not been covering all regions in the country, therefore, the expenditure equation is estimated by regression method, which is matching with principal component and factor analysis methods. Despite of using the Cambodian Socio-Economic Survey data in 2003/04 and CDB, the regression for poverty rate, is utilized from above statistical model as indicated in the below table: Relection of poverty indicators Level T Values Level Lowest Highest of bias of (Levell 1+Levell 2) IDPoor (MoP) Regression (Ho : Prob 95%C.I 95%C.I B=0) Entry point 24.19 2.74 8.47 0.00 17.82 28.56 Ratio of family has not the latrine 10.45 1.66 6.30 0.00 7.19 13.70 Ratio of family has the television and family -5.17 1.06 -4.88 0.00 -7.25 -3.10 Mountain/High land areas 1=Yes, 0= others 3.50 1.19 2.98 0.00 1.21 5.91 Tole Sab lake area: Ref. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Low land areas 1=Yes, 0= others -3.50 1.19 -2.98 0.00 -1.21 -5.91 tal zone areas 1=Yes, 0= others Coas -7.00 1.19 -6.00 0.00 -5.00 -9.00 Phnom Penh 1=Yes, 0= others -18.00 1.19 -12.00 0.00 -16.00 -20.00 Urban (Except Phnom Penh) 1=Yes, 0= -5.00 0.50 -6.00 0.00 -4.02 -6.98 others Ratio of family has the motor-cycle and family. -10.68 1.38 -7.75 0.00 -13.38 -7.98 Family’s size 1.53 0.25 6.16 0.00 1.04 2.01 Ratio of concrete home and family -6.37 7.50 -0.85 0.40 -21.09 8.35 Ratio of literacy women, aged between 16-60 -2.47 1.07 -2.31 0.02 -4.56 -0.38 Ratio of men, aged between 18-60 and total -15.17 4.97 -3.51 0.00 -27.19 -7.70 population Ratio of thatched home and family 13.00 1.14 8.30 0.00 12.00 14.00 Ratio of bike and family -0.79 0.51 -1.56 0.12 -1.78 0.23 Ratio of home with electricity used -3.08 1.55 -1.99 0.05 -6.11 -0.04 Ratio of family giving birth delivery by 26.57 4.01 6.63 0.00 18.71 34.42 traditional midwife and family Ratio of 6-14 year-old children, who don’t go to schoold 2.20 1.13 1.96 0.05 0.00 4.41 Ratio of home with water sources and has distance 150 meters from home -1.54 0.25 -2.00 0.05 -6.12 -0.05 Notice: Sample size = 2106, Adjustst R-square 0.50, Value VIF for variable in model of less than 3.