University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 1993 Systematics, Biostratigraphy, and Dental Evolution of the Palaeothentidae, Later Oligocene to Early-Middle Miocene (Deseadan-Santacrucian) Caenolestoid Marsupials of South America Thomas M. Bown U.S. Geological Survey John G. Fleagle State University of New York Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Bown, Thomas M. and Fleagle, John G., "Systematics, Biostratigraphy, and Dental Evolution of the Palaeothentidae, Later Oligocene to Early-Middle Miocene (Deseadan-Santacrucian) Caenolestoid Marsupials of South America" (1993). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 209. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/209 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. The Paleontological Society MEMOIR 29 SYSTEMATICS, BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, AND DENTAL EVOLUTION OF THE PALAEOTHENTlI1DAE, LATER OLIGOCENE TO EARLY-MIDDLE MIOCENE (DESEADAN-SANTACRUCIAN) CAENOLESTOID MARSUPIALS OF SOUTH AMERICA THOMAS M. BOWN AND JOHN G. FLEAGLE U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, Mail Stop 919, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225 and Department of Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794 Copyright ? 1993 by THE PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY, INC. MARCH 1993 i.t I /1 Reconstruction of the small faunivorous Santacrucian palaeothentine Palaeothentes minutus, by Marj Leggitt. Memoir (The Paleontological Society), Vol. 29, Supplement to Vol. 67, no. 2 of the Journal of Paleontology (Mar., 1993), pp. 1-76 .Aip " 'l!'~~~~~~~~ J~~~~~~~~~~ : su 3 -' J ?"'3P~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ it,: tC ?er?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,~~~~~~~~"; ,, ~~~~~~~~. r.. .--r ?*.. "'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~? J i:.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i 6???::hJ~~kL/ ' 9- ~ ~ !:~.,~~ ,y I~k, ;1.~~~~~~~~~~~~, 4'tt "*?,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. ?? I ~~~ . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~? ''~ '",~l,.. ''~~~7~~?k~~?~~?llp,r ''~~~7~~?k~~?~~?llp,r ?1'~ ~ ~~~~~~K"]iir, ~ ~ v. ?\ !?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, FRONTISPIECE-Reconstructionof Santacrucian mammal fauna in the valley of the Rio Pinturas, by Luci Betti. Primates 1 Soriacebus 2 Carlocebus Rodentia 3 Sleiromys Marsupiales 4 Abderites 5 Acdcstis 6 Boriyacina Edentata 7 Hapalops 8 Peltecoelus Astrapotheria 9 Astrapothericulus Litopterna 10 Proterotherium Notungulata 11 Interathlerium 12 Notohippus Aves 13 Tinamidae 14 Caracaro Anfibio 15 Caudiverbera Key to frontispiece. CONTENTS PALAEOTHENTINAE....................................... 62 ORIGINOF PALAEOTHENTIDAE............................. 71 ABSTRACT ................................................ I SUMMARYAND CONCLUSIONS ............................... 74 R ESUMEN ................................................. 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................... 74 INTRODUCTION............................................ 2 REFERENCES .............................................. 75 COMPOSITIONAND HISTORYOF PALAEOTHENTIDAE.......... 2 NEW COLLECTIONS...................................... 4 ILLUSTRATIONS ABBREVIATIONSAND MENSURATION........................ 4 LOCALITIESAND CORRELATION .............................. 7 FIGURES SACANANA(Colhuehuapian) .............................. 7 FRONTISPIECE-Reconstructionof Santacrucian mammal fauna ii LA CANTERA(Colhuehuapian) ............................ 7 Key to frontispiece ........................................ iii Rio PINTURAS(Santacrucian) ............................. 7 1-Distribution of palaeothentid localities of South ESTANCIALA CARADA,GOBERNADOR GREGORES, AND LAGO A m erica ....................................... 3 CARDIEL(Santacrucian) ................................ 8 2-Distribution of Argentine Palaeothentidae ......... 5 MONTEOBSERVACION (Santacrucian) ...................... 10 3-Exposures of Sarmiento Formation at localities of Rio CHALIA(Santacrucian) ............................... 10 Sacanana and La Cantera ........................ 6 MONTELE6N (Santacrucian) .............................. 12 4-Exposure of Pinturas Formation, Estancia El CORRELATIONOF THE PINTURAS AND SANTA CRUZ Carm en ........................................ 8 FORMATIONS .......................................... 14 5-Exposures of Pinturas? Formation at Estancia La TEMPORALRECONSTRUCTON ............................... 16 Cafiada, Gobernador Gregores, and Lago Cardiel ... 11 SYSTEMATICPALEONTOLOGY ................................ 17 6-Exposures of Santa Cruz Formation at Monte Observaci6n and along the Rio Chalia ............ 12 FAMILYPalaeothentidae (Sinclair, 1906) Osgood, 1921 ..... 17 of fossil vertebrate SUBFAMILYAcdestinae n. subfam ....................... 17 7-Stratigraphic positions localities, M onte Observaci6n ............................. 13 GENUSAcdestoides n. gen ............................ 17 8-Exposures of Santa Cruz Formation, Monte Le6n 14 Acdestoides praecursor (Loomis, 1914) .............. 17 9-Correlation of fossil vertebrate localities between GENUSAcdestodon n. gen ............................ 18 Monte Le6n and Monte Observaci6n ............. 15 Acdestodon n. ....................... 18 bonapartei sp 10-Acdestodon bonapartei n. gen. and sp ............. 18 GENUSTrelewthentes n. ......................... 19 gen 11 -Trigonid structure in Palaeothentidae ............. 19 Trelewthentes rothi n. .......................... 21 sp 12- Trelewthentes rothi n. gen. and sp ................ 21 GENUSAcdestis 1887 .................... 21 Ameghino, 13 -Acdestis oweni Ameghino ........................ 22 Acdestis oweni 1887 ................... 22 Ameghino, 14-Acdestis lemairei n. sp .......................... 26 Acdestis lemairei n. ............................ 23 sp 15-Acdestodon bonapartei n. gen. and sp., Trelewthentes SUBFAMILYPalaeothentinae Sinclair, 1906 ............ 29 rothi n. gen. and sp., Acdestis oweni Ameghino, GENUSCarlothentes n. gen .......................... 29 Acdestis lemairei n. sp .......................... 27 Carlothentes chubutensis (Ameghino, 1897) .......... 29 16-Palaeothentes marshalli n. sp .................... 32 GENUSPalaeothentes Ameghino, 1887 ............... 31 17-Palaeothentes migueli n. sp ...................... 34 Palaeothentes boliviensis Patterson and Marshall, 18-Palaeothentes minutus Ameghino ................. 35 19 7 8 ................. ........................ 31 19--Palaeothentes pascuali n. sp ..................... 39 Palaeothentes primus (Ameghino, 1902) ............. 31 20-Palaeothentes intermedius Ameghino ............. 39 Palaeothentes marshalli n. sp ...................... 32 21 -Palaeothentes lemoinei Ameghino ................ 41 Palaeothentes migueli n. sp ........................ 32 22-Palaeothentes aratae Ameghino .................. 43 Palaeothentes minutus Ameghino, 1887 ............. 35 23-Propalaeothentes lepidus (Ameghino) .............. 45 Palaeothentes pascuali n. sp ....................... 38 24-Palaeothentes primus Ameghino; P. marshalli n. sp., Palaeothentes intermedius Ameghino, 1887 ......... 39 P. minutus Ameghino, P. intermedius Ameghino ... 46 Palaeothentes lemoinei Ameghino, 1887 ............ 41 25-Palaeothentes migueli n. sp., P. lemoinei Ameghino, P. aratae Palaeothentes aratae Ameghino, 1887 .............. 43 Ameghino, Propalaeothentes lepidus (Ameghino), P. hatcheri n. sp .................... 48 GENUSPropalaeothentes n. gen ....................... 45 26-Principal clades of Palaeothentidae ............... 53 Propalaeothentes lepidus (Ameghino, 1891) .......... 45 27-Phylogeny of Acdestinae ......................... 54 Propalaeothentes hatcheri n. sp .................... 47 28-Distribution of ml area in Deseadan-Santacrucian GENUSPilchenia Ameghino, 1903 ................... 47 Palaeothentidae ................................. 56 Pilchenia lucina Ameghino, 1903 .................. 47 29-Distribution of m2 area in Deseadan-Santacrucian FAMILYPalaeothentidae, incertae sedis .................... 49 Palaeothentidae ............................ ... 57 Genus Hondathentes Dumont and Bown, in press ........ 49 30-Distribution of m3 area in Deseadan-Santacrucian Hondathentes cazador Dumont and Bown, in press ..... 52 Palaeothentidae ................................. 58 EVOLUTIONOF THE PALAEOTHENTIDAE ..................... 52 31 -Ratio of m3 area to m2 area in Deseadan- ACDESTINAE.......................................... 52 Santacrucian Palaeothentidae ..................... 59 32-Observed rangesand means of m3 area/m2 area in 3--Radiometric dates for Monte Le6n, Pinturas,and Deseadan-SantacrucianPalaeothentidae ........... 60 Santa Cruz Formations .......................... 16 33-Overlap of ml area in SantacrucianPalaeothentidae 61 4-Specimen data for Trelewthentesrothi n. gen. and 34-Overlap of m2 area in SantacrucianPalaeothentidae 616 1 sp . ............................................ 20 data for new of Acdestis 35-Trigonid structureof ml and ramal depth in 5-Specimen specimens oweni Acdestinae ..................................... 62 Am eghino .....................................