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The Iraq crisis and world order This is a joint project of the United Nations University (UNU) and the International Peace Academy (IPA), in partnership with King Prajadhipok’s Institute The Iraq crisis and world order: Structural, institutional and normative challenges Edited by Ramesh Thakur and Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu United Nations a University Press TOKYO u NEW YORK u PARIS 6 United Nations University, 2006 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not nec- essarily reflect the views of the United Nations University. United Nations University Press United Nations University, 53-70, Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8925, Japan Tel: þ81-3-3499-2811 Fax: þ81-3-3406-7345 E-mail: [email protected] general enquiries: [email protected] http://www.unu.edu United Nations University Office at the United Nations, New York 2 United Nations Plaza, Room DC2-2062, New York, NY 10017, USA Tel: þ1-212-963-6387 Fax: þ1-212-371-9454 E-mail: [email protected] United Nations University Press is the publishing division of the United Nations University. Cover design by Rebecca S. Neimark, Twenty-Six Letters Cover photograph by Peter Payne Printed in Hong Kong ISBN 92-808-1128-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Iraq crisis and world order : structural, institutional and normative challenges / edited by Ramesh Thakur and Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9280811282 (pbk.) 1. Iraq War, 2003– 2. World politics—21st century. I. Thakur, Ramesh Chandra, 1948– II. Sidhu, Waheguru Pal Singh. DS79.76.I7255 2006 956.7044031—dc22 2006019926 Contents Listofcontributors.................................................... ix Part I: Framing the issues ............................................ 1 1 Iraq’schallengetoworldorder................................... 3 Ramesh Thakur and Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu 2 Lines in the sand: The United Nations in Iraq, 1980–2001 . 16 David M. Malone and James Cockayne Part II: Structural and normative challenges ........................ 35 3 The unipolar concert: Unipolarity and multilateralism in the ageofglobalization ............................................... 37 Mohammed Ayoob and Matthew Zierler 4 International peace and security and state sovereignty: Contestingnormsandnormentrepreneurs...................... 57 Brian L. Job 5 The world says no: The global movement against war inIraq.............................................................. 75 David Cortright v vi CONTENTS Part III: Perspectives from within the region ....................... 93 6 Iraqandworldorder:A Lebaneseperspective.................. 95 Latif Abul-Husn 7 Iraqandworldorder:A Turkishperspective.................... 114 Ayla Go¨l 8 Iran’s assessment of the Iraq crisis and the post-9/11 internationalorder................................................ 134 Anoushiravan Ehteshami 9 TheIraqcrisisandworldorder:AnIsraeliperspective......... 161 Mark A. Heller 10 EgyptandtheIraqwar ........................................... 175 Ibrahim A. Karawan 11 Reactions in the Muslim world to the Iraq conflict .............. 187 Amin Saikal Part IV: External actor perspectives ................................ 201 12 The United States and the United Nations in light of wars on terrorismandIraq ................................................ 203 Jane Boulden and Thomas G. Weiss 13 BaghdadtoBaghdad:TheUnitedKingdom’sodyssey ......... 217 A. J. R. Groom and Sally Morphet 14 Explaining France’s opposition to the war against Iraq . ........ 234 Jean-Marc Coicaud, with He´le` ne Gandois and Lysette Rutgers 15 Iraqandworldorder:A Russianperspective ................... 249 Ekaterina Stepanova 16 Iraqandworldorder:A Germanperspective ................... 265 Harald Mu¨ller 17 Avoiding a strategic failure in the aftermath of the Iraq war: Partnershipinpeacebuilding ..................................... 282 Chiyuki Aoi and Yozo Yokota CONTENTS vii 18 Iraqandworldorder:A LatinAmericanperspective........... 298 Mo´nica Serrano and Paul Kenny 19 Iraqandworldorder:A Pakistaniperspective .................. 315 Hasan-Askari Rizvi 20 Iraq and world order: A perspective on NATO’s relevance . 328 Fred Tanner 21 The Iraq crisis and world order: A perspective from the EuropeanUnion................................................... 344 Luis Martinez 22 Quicksand?TheUnitedNationsinIraq,2001–2005............ 357 David M. Malone and James Cockayne Part V: International legal and doctrinal issues ..................... 379 23 ThewarinIraqasillegalandillegitimate ....................... 381 David Krieger 24 Legitimacy as an assessment of existing legal standards: Thecaseofthe2003Iraqwar .................................... 397 Charlotte Ku 25 The multinational action in Iraq and international law . 413 Ruth Wedgwood 26 Iraqandthesociallogicofinternationalsecurity ............... 426 Jean-Marc Coicaud 27 Justifying the Iraq war as a humanitarian intervention: Thecureisworsethanthedisease ............................... 444 Nicholas J. Wheeler and Justin Morris 28 The responsibility to protect and the war on Saddam Hussein ............................................................ 464 Ramesh Thakur 29 Post-war relations between occupying powers and the United Nations............................................................. 479 Simon Chesterman viii CONTENTS 30 ‘‘Common enemies’’: The United States, Israel and the world crisis ............................................................... 497 Tarak Barkawi Part VI: Conclusion .................................................. 517 31 Structuralandnormativechallenges ............................. 519 James Cockayne and Cyrus Samii Index .................................................................. 535 Contributors Professor Ramesh Thakur is Senior International Relations, Michigan Vice-Rector of the United Nations State University, USA University, Tokyo, Japan, and Assistant Secretary-General of the Dr Tarak Barkawi is Lecturer at the United Nations Centre of International Studies, University of Cambridge, UK Dr Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu is a Faculty Member at the Geneva Dr Jane Boulden is Canada Research Centre for Security Policy, Chair in International Relations and Switzerland, and was formerly Security Studies, Department of Senior Associate at the Politics and Economics, Royal International Peace Academy Military College of Canada, directing the Iraq Crisis and Ontario, Canada World Order project Dr Simon Chesterman is Executive Dr Latif Abul-Husn is Lecturer in the Director of the Institute for Department of Political Studies & International Law and Justice, Public Administration, American New York University School of University of Beirut, Lebanon Law, USA Dr Chiyuki Aoi is Associate Professor Mr James Cockayne is an Associate at in the School of International the International Peace Academy, Politics, Economics and New York, USA Communication, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan Dr Jean-Marc Coicaud is Head of the United Nations University Office of Dr Mohammed Ayoob is University the United Nations, New York, Distinguished Professor of USA ix x CONTRIBUTORS Dr David Cortright is president of the Dr Charlotte Ku is Executive Director Fourth Freedom Forum, Goshen, and Executive Vice President of the Indiana, USA American Society of International Law, Washington, DC, USA Professor Anoushiravan Ehteshami is Head of the School of Government Dr David M. Malone is Assistant and International Affairs and Deputy Minister (Global Issues), Professor of International Relations Department of Foreign Affairs, at Durham University, UK Canada Ms He´le`ne Gandois is a PhD Dr Luis Martinez is Research Director candidate in international relations at the Fondation National des at St Antony’s College, Oxford Sciences Politiques (FNSP), Center University, UK for International Studies and Research, Paris, France Dr Ayla Go¨ l is Lecturer in the Department of International Ms Sally Morphet is Visiting Professor Politics, University of Wales, at the University of Kent, Aberystwyth, UK Canterbury, UK Professor A. J. R. Groom is Emeritus Dr Justin Morris is Senior Lecturer in Professor of International Relations International Politics, Department in the Department of Politics and of Politics and International Studies, International Relations, University andDeputyDeanoftheFacultyof of Kent, Canterbury, UK Arts and Social Sciences, University Dr Mark A. Heller is Director of of Hull, UK Research at the Jaffee Center Dr Harald Mu¨ ller is Director of the for Strategic Studies, Tel-Aviv Peace Research