EU-MIDIS TK-32-10-550-EN-C ISBN 978-92-9192-650-3 Main Results Report EU-MIDIS European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey Main Results Report European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights VISIT: fra.europa.eu/eu-midis EU-MIDIS SEE ALSO: European Union Minorities and 20 • EU-MIDIS AT A GLANCE Discrimination Survey • DATA IN FOCUS 1: ROMA Rights Fundamental Union Agency for European English • DATA IN FOCUS 2: MUSLIMS • TECHNICAL REPORT (ON-LINE) • SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE (ON-LINE) 09 European Commission European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights EU-MIDIS European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey Main Results Report Design: red hot ‘n’ cool, Vienna Luxembourg: Publications Offi ce of the European Union, 2010 2010 — 276 pp. — 21 x 29.7 cm ISBN 978-92-9192-650-3 doi:10.2811/88055 A great deal of information on the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights is available on the Internet. It can be accessed throught the FRA website (http://fra.europa.eu). 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Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Publications Offi ce of the European Union, 2010 ISBN 978-92-9192-650-3 doi:10.2811/88055 © European Union, 2010 © European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, 2010 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER EU-MIDIS European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey Main Results Report European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights am011864Int_E1.indd 3 24/11/10 08:49 EU-MIDIS TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 6 3.1.3. Discrimination by respondent characteristics 95 KEY FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS 3.1.4. Crime victimisation 96 FROM THE SURVEY 8 3.1.5. Crime victimisation by respondent characteristics 100 1. Introduction 19 3.1.6. Corruption 101 1.1. Background – The Agency and 3.1.7. Police and border control 102 its work 19 3.1.8. Police stops by respondent 1.1.1. EU-MIDIS key objectives 20 characteristics 105 1.2. Methodology 20 3.1.9. Respondent background 108 1.2.1. Survey basics 20 3.2. Central and East Europeans 110 1.2.2. EU-MIDIS sampling 21 3.2.1. General opinions on discrimination, 1.2.3. Delivery 28 and rights awareness 112 1.2.4. Weighting 29 3.2.2. Experience of discrimination 115 1.2.5. Quality control 29 3.2.3. Discrimination by respondent 1.3. Remarks for the reader 30 characteristics 121 1.3.1. Points to consider 30 3.2.4. Crime victimisation 122 1.3.2. Glossary 31 3.2.5. Crime victimisation by respondent characteristics 127 2. Main results 34 3.2.6. Corruption 128 2.1. Discrimination experiences 34 3.2.7. Police and border control 128 2.1.1. Overall prevalence rates 35 3.2.8. Police stops by respondent 2.1.2. Prevalence of specifi c characteristics 131 discrimination experiences – 3.2.9. Respondent background 133 nine domains 38 3.3. North Africans 134 2.1.3. Multi-domain discrimination 3.3.1. General opinions on experience 47 discrimination, and rights 2.1.4. Volume of discrimination 48 awareness 135 2.1.5. Non-reporting of discrimination 50 3.3.2. Experience of discrimination 138 2.2. Specifi c victimisation experiences 57 3.3.3. Discrimination by respondent 2.2.1. Overall crime prevalence rates 58 characteristics 142 2.2.2. Prevalence of specifi c crimes 59 3.3.4. Crime victimisation 143 2.2.3. Combined prevalence of 3.3.5. Crime victimisation by respondent property- and in-person crimes 64 characteristics 147 2.2.4. ’Racially’ motivated in-person 3.3.6. Corruption 148 criminal victimisation 65 3.3.7. Police and border control 148 2.2.5. In-person crimes in detail 67 3.3.8. Police stops 150 2.3. Policing 74 3.3.9. Respondent background 153 2.3.1. Trust in the police 75 3.4. The Roma 154 2.3.2. Police stops 76 3.4.1. General opinions on discrimination, and rights awareness 155 3. Results by aggregated 3.4.2. Experience of discrimination 159 immigrant/ethnic groups 80 3.4.3. Discrimination by respondent 3.1. Sub-Saharan Africans 81 characteristics 165 3.1.1. General opinions on discrimination, 3.4.4. Crime victimisation 166 and rights awareness 83 3.4.5. Crime victimisation by respondent 3.1.2. Experience of discrimination 88 characteristics 170 4 am011864Int_E1.indd 4 24/11/10 08:49 Main Results Report 3.4.6. Corruption 171 3.7.9. Respondent background 240 3.4.7. Police and border control 171 3.4.8. Police stops by respondent 4. Comparisons with the majority characteristics 174 population 242 3.4.9. Respondent background 175 4.1. EU-MIDIS majority sub-sample: 3.5. Russians 176 policing and borders 242 3.5.1. General opinions on discrimination, 4.1.1. Trust in the police 242 and rights awareness 177 4.1.2. Police stops prevalence 244 3.5.2. Experience of discrimination 4.1.3. Frequency 244 on the basis of ethnicity 180 4.1.4. Type of stops 245 3.5.3. Discrimination by respondent 4.1.5. Police activity during stops 248 characteristics 184 4.1.6. Evaluation of police conduct 251 3.5.4. Crime victimisation 185 4.1.7. Immigration, customs or 3.5.5. Crime victimisation by respondent border control 254 characteristics 189 4.2. Eurobarometer comparisons 255 3.5.6. Corruption 190 4.2.1. Considerations when 3.5.7. Police and border control 190 comparing results 255 3.5.8. Police stops by respondent 4.2.2. Special Eurobarometer characteristics 193 Survey No. 296 257 3.5.9. Respondent background 195 4.2.3. Special Eurobarometer 3.6. Turkish 196 Survey No. 263 260 3.6.1. General opinions on discrimination, 4.3. European Crime and Safety Survey and rights awareness 199 Comparisons 263 3.6.2. Experience of discrimination 201 4.3.1. Considerations when 3.6.3. Discrimination by respondent comparing results 263 characteristics 206 4.3.2. Theft of personal property 263 3.6.4. Crime victimisation 207 4.3.3. Assaults or threats 265 3.6.5. Crime victimisation by respondent characteristics 212 5. Concluding comments 268 3.6.6. Corruption 213 3.6.7. Police and border control 213 3.6.8. Police stops by respondent characteristics 216 3.6.9. Respondent background 218 3.7. Former Yugoslavians 220 3.7.1. General opinions on discrimination, and rights awareness 221 3.7.2. Experience of discrimination 224 3.7.3. Discrimination by respondent characteristics 229 3.7.4. Crime victimisation 230 3.7.5. Crime victimisation by respondent characteristics 234 3.7.6. Corruption 236 3.7.7. Police and border control 236 3.7.8. Police stops by respondent characteristics 238 5 am011864Int_E1.indd 5 24/11/10 08:49 EU-MIDIS Foreword This report presents the main results from EU- with some of the other large groups covered in the MIDIS, the FRA’s ‘European Union Minorities and survey, with problems of discrimination and racist Discrimination Survey’. The survey interviewed victimisation being acute in certain Member States. 23,500 people with an ethnic minority or immigrant background across the EU’s 27 Member States, and is As well as mapping the extent of discrimination, the the largest EU-wide survey of its kind on minorities’ survey’s results also provide important evidence experiences of discrimination, racist victimisation, and of minorities’ low levels of rights awareness in policing. The data provides evidence that is essential the areas of discrimination, including their lack of in the development of policies and action to address knowledge about organisations where they can fundamental rights abuses in these fi elds. report discrimination. Coupled with this is the survey’s fi nding that the vast majority of people The number of interviewees in the survey and the never report experiences of discrimination either at survey’s EU-wide scope means that the results cannot the place where the discrimination occurs or to an be overlooked as the experiences of a select few. organisation that can receive complaints; a fi nding At the same time, the survey’s rigorous sampling that underscores the need for improved knowledge approach ensures that the results are representative of their rights and access to justice for these most of the minority groups surveyed in locations vulnerable of groups. throughout the EU – in other words, interviewees were chosen at random and were not selected from a A further signifi cant fi nding from the survey, which sample of the most discriminated against or the most serves to counteract simplistic constructions of victimised.