Eurasian Journal of Forest Research (EJFR) EJFR is an international magazine of Forest Science organized by Hokkaido University Forests, Japan, V.N Sukachev Institute of Forest, Russia and Northeast Forestry University, China. Abstracts of the Research Bulletin of the Hokkaido University Forests (in Japanese with English summary) are also included in EJFR. Advisory Committee Vegetation), Terazawa, M. (Forest Chemistry), Zyryanova, O. Adams, M. (Univ. of Sydney), Baatarbileg, N. (National Univ. A. (Vegetation Science) of Mongolia), Barnes, V. B. (Univ. Michigan), Chapin, III F. S. (Univ. of Alaska, FB), Efremov, D. F. (Far East Forestry Res. Linguistic Editors: Campbell, D. J., Kayano, Y. (Obihiro), Garrett, A. & SCITEXT (Cambridge) Inst.), Feng, Fong-Long (National Chung Hsing Univ.), Fukuda, M. (Fukuyama City Univ.), Goldammer, J. G. Review Board (Freigurg Univ.), Gower, T. S. (Univ. of Wisconsin), Grubb, P. Agetsuma, N. (Hirai), Aoi, T. (Morioka), Baranchikov, Y. N. J. (Univ. of Cambridge), Gwiazdowicz, D. J. (Poznan Univ.), (Krasnoyarsk), Bruckman, V. (Vienna), Cha, J.Y. (Sapporo), Häsler, R. (WSL), Helmisaari, H. S. (Univ. of Helsinki), Chen, X. (Harbin), Choi, D.S. (Fuchu), Hayashida, M. Kellomäki, S. (Univ. of Joensuu), Kohyama, T. (Hokkaido (Tsuruoka), Hirano, T. (Sapporo), Ishii, H. (Kobe), Izuta, T. Univ.), Lechowicz, M. J. (McGill Univ.), Lee, Don Koo (Seoul (Fuchu), Jin, Hyun-O. (Suwan), Kadomatsu, M. (Sapporo), National Univ.), Linder, S. (Swedish Univ. of Agr. Sci.), Luo, J. Kajimoto, T. (Tsukuba), Kharuk, V. I. (Krasnoyarsk), Kisanuki, (Beijing For. Univ.), Matyssek, R. (TU Munich), Onuchin, A. A. H. (Tsu), Kishida, O. (Tomakomai), Kita, K. (Kohshunai), Kitao, (V.N. Sukachev Inst. of Forest, SB RAS), Pretzsch, H. (TU M. (Tsukuba), Koizumi, H. (Tokyo), Koyama, A. (Fort Collins), Munich), Prokopchuk, V. K. (FESAU, Russia), Reich, P. B. Kurbatova, J. (Moscow), Kuromaru, M. (Kohshunai), Kushida, (Univ. of Minnesota), Shugart, H. H. (Univ. of Virginia), K. (Fujisawa), Lei, T. T. (Ohtsu), Makoto, K. (Toikanbetsu), Shvidenko, A. Z. (IIASA Austria), Smith, W. K. (Wake Forest Marod, D. (Bangkok), Masyagina, O. (Krasnoyarsk), Univ.), Sprugel, D. G. (Univ. of Washington), Suzuki, K. Matsuura, Y. (Tsukuba), Mori, S. (Tsuruoka), Murakami, M. (FFPRI), Tenhunen, J. D. (Univ. of Bayreuth), Teskey, R. O. (Chiba), Muratova, E. N. (Krasnoyarsk), Nakaji, T. (Univ. of Georgia), Timmer, V. R. (Univ. of Toronto), Vaganov, (Tomakomai), Nakamura, K. (Morioka), Nakamura, M. E. A. (Siberian Federal Univ.), Yanxi, Q. (Beijing For. Univ.), (Nayoro), Niinemets, Ü. (Tartu), Okano, T. (Kamiina), Olchev, Zhao, Z. (Northwest Agri. & For. Univ.), Zu, Y. (Northeast A. (Moscow), Osawa, A. (Kyoto), Qu, L. (Beijing), Quoreshi, A. Forestry Univ.) M. (Kuwait City), Rousi, M. (Helsinki), Sano, J. (Tottori), Schaller, M. (Ruhpolding), Shashkin, A. V. (Krasnoyarsk), HIURA Tsutom Chief Editor: Shibuya, M. (Sapporo), Son, Y.H. (Seoul), Takagi, K. (Director of the Hokkaido University Forests) (Toikanbetsu), Takata, K. (Akita), Tamai, Y. (Sapporo), Tchebakova, N. M. (Krasnoyarsk), Tsuchiya, T. (Fuchu), Managing Editors Uemura, S. (Nayoro), Utsumi, S. (Moshiri), Wang, J. (Beijing), Hatano, R. (Soil Science), Hiura, T. (Forest Ecology), Wang, W. (Harbin), Yamada, T. (Tsu), Yamada, Y. Kakizawa, H. (Forest Policy), Nakamura, F. (Ecosystem (Matuyama), Yan, X. (Harbin), Yi, M.J. (Kangwong) Management), Saitoh, T. (Animal Ecology), Sano, Y. (Wood Anatomy), Sasaki, T. (Timber Engineering), Shibata, H. (Biogeochemistry), Shibuya, M. (Silviculture), Tamai, Y. Management Office Cha J., Mamiya, H., Ohshima, S., Yamazaki, Y. (Physiology & Ecology of Mushrooms), Uraki, Y. (Wood Chemistry), Yamada, T. (Earth Surface Processes & Land Eurasian Journal of Forest Research, Management), Yoshida, T. (Silviculture) (The Research Bulletin) C/O EFRC, Hokkaido University Forests, Responsible Editors Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan Funada, R. (Wood Biology), Koike, T. (Forest Ecophysiology Fax:+81-11-706-3450, e-mail: [email protected] & Tree Breeding), Koizumi, A. (Wood Technology), Sasa, K. (Erosion Control & Forest Hydrology), Shi, F. (Forest Aims and Scope Aims: The research focus is to understand of forest ecosystem, composition, structure and function of northern and boreal forests of the Eurasian region and its vicinity. Therefore, we seek to publish new knowledge at both ecosystem and organisms levels in these regions. This basic information will serve to advance forest science, silviculture and forest ecosystem management, and the conservation and sustainability of organisms and ecosystems. Ecosystem studies are well established and their rapid development encourages new biological and ecological fields with roots in traditional biological and earth science areas. The EJFR seeks to communicate research to solve local and global forest problems in the northern and boreal forests of the Eurasian region and its vicinity. The scope: The journal emphasis the area of Forest Ecology and Biology, Silviculture, Management of Forest Ecosystems and Wood Utilization. Research in Forest Policy and social aspects of forests are also welcome. The scope of EJFR encompasses ecosystem-level research form brood of fine scales and across temporal scale from seconds to millennia. EJFR welcomes articles of high scientific quality on the above topics, new methods, examples of long term Ecological research, review papers and opinion on timely topics. The Eurasian Forest Research Cooperation Committee (EFRC) EFRC is a committee financed by the Hokkaido University Forests with the scientific cooperation of V.N.Sukachov Forest Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Science (Siberian Branch) and Northeast Forestry University (a Sister School of Hokkaido University). The purpose of EFRC is to initiate, support and promote high quality forest research focused on the eastern Eurasian region including southeast Asia. EFRC is also working to strengthen the role of northern and boreal forest research in joint Asian and international projects. Contributors will be required to have a membership with the EFRC, except for those authors who are invited by the chief editor to contribute papers. .