Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-1976 The Second Part of the Tractatus De Materia Concilii Generalis of Pierre D'ailly Patrick Lally Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation Lally, Patrick, "The Second Part of the Tractatus De Materia Concilii Generalis of Pierre D'ailly" (1976). Master's Theses. 2358. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/2358 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SECOND PART OF THE TRACTATUS DE MATERIA CONCILII GENERALIS OF PIERRE D'AILLY by Patrick Lally A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Arts Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December 1976 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. '.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". 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Western Michigan University, M.A., 1976 History, medieval Xerox University MicrofilmsAnn fArbor, Michigan 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION ............................ ..... 1 The Great Schism ...... ................ 1 Sources of the ConciliarMovement ................. 6 The Conciliar T h e o r y ......... ................ .. 26 D*Ailly: A Sketch of His Life and W o r k s ............. 30 The Text and Its Historical Setting........... 41 THE T R A C T .............................................51 The First Opinion .............. 51 The Second O p i n i o n ................ 60 The Third Opinion ........ ....... ........ 67 CONCLUSION ......................................... 129 APPENDIX ........................................... 148 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................... 157 ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS De materia Tractatus de materia concilii generalTs Petri de Alliaco, Ap­ pendix III of Francis Oakley, The Political Thought of Pierre d*Aiily: The Voluntarist Tradi­ tion (New Haven* Yale University Press, 1964), pp. 244-3^3* Figgis, Gerson to Grotius J. N. Figgis, Studies of Polit­ ical Thought from Gerson to Gro­ tius, ~T 41^-1 6 2 (Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press, 195^). Mansi Joannes Dominicus Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum conciliorum nova et am- plissima collectio (Florence and Paris, 53 vols., 1757-1927). Martene and Durand Edmund Martene and Ursinus Du­ rand (edd.), Veterum scriptorum et monumentorum histoncum. dog- maticorum, moralium, amplissima. collectTo (Paris, 9 vols, 1724- 1733). Oakley, D'Ailly Francis Oakley, The Political Thought of Pierre d'Ailly* The Voluntarist Tradition (New Hav­ en* Yale University Press^ 1964). Tierney, Foundations Brian Tierney, Foundations of the Conciliar Theory* The Con­ tribution of the Medieval Can­ onists from Gratian to the Great Schism (Cambridge: Cam­ bridge University Press, 1968). Ullmann, Origins Walter Ullmann, The Origins of the Great Schism* A Study in Fourteenth-Century Ecclesiasti­ cal History (London* Burnes, Oates and Washbourne, 19^8). 111 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. SAMPLES OF LEGAL REFERENCES Decretum D.40, c.6s Distinctio 40, Chapter 6. C.ll, q.3» c.4ls Causa 11, Questio 3* Chapter 41. Decretals of Gregory IX X, 5, 31, c.8: Book 5» Title 31f Chapter 8. Liber Sextus VI0, 5» 11» c.9* Book 5* Title 11, Chapter 9* Clementinae Clem. 1, 3» c.2: Book 1, Title 3» Chapter 2. Glossa Ordinaria to the Decretum D.40, c.6, in v. a fide devius: gloss on a fide devius. Distinctio 40, Chapter C. Glossa Ordinaria to the Decretals of Gregory IX X, 5» 31» c.-8, in v. potestati: gloss on potestati, Book 5, Title 31t Chapter Codex Iustiniani C.5» 59» 5* Book 5» Title 59t Section 5» iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INTRODUCTION The Great Schism The Tractatus de materia concilii generalis must be viewed in the general historical context of the Great Schism in the Latin Church. To understand the work requires some knowledge ox the beginning of the Schism, of the roots and course of the dissension, of the attempts at solution and the traditions out of which they came. Here complex issues and events are necessarily given brief treatment. As Brian Tierney writes: An adequate account of all the intricate schemes that were set on foot in the years of the Schism, the desperate expedients of exas­ perated churchmen, the evasions of the rival pontiffs, the manoeuvrings of the Catholic princes, could be undertaken only in the context of a full-scale diplomatic and ecclesiastical history of Europe at the end of the fourteenth century.1 As the College or Cardinals met in electoral conclave on April 8, 1378, the city of Rome was beset by civil dis­ turbances. Since the end of the troubled pontificate of Boniface VIII in the first decade of the century the popes had resided in the papal enclave of Avignon in southern France. They had all been French, and their cardinals had been predominantly so. Though it may be apparent now that a major reason for deserting Rome was the chronic disorder 1 Tierney, Foundations, p. 238. 1 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. of the Italian peninsula and the city, though it may be shown that these French popes displayed remarkable independence from the French crown, though it may be shown that the cen­ tralizing of policy and finance which characterized the Av­ ignon years was not as totally sinister as was once thought, though the uselessness and decadent luxury of the papal court may be found to have been exaggerated, it is important to realize that contemporaries suspected the worst in all these areas. Italians, especially Romans, felt particularly ag­ grieved. The absenteeism of their bishop meant the loss of revenue, the dissipation of ecclesiastical property, a slump in tourism, and a general loss in prestige. The outcry of many concerned parties, plus the ravaging of France in the Hundred Years' War, led to a rising impetus toward the re­ establishment of residence at Rome. Following up some ear­ lier efforts, Urban V (1362-1370) brought the curia back to Rome, but after three years vainly attempting to reestablish order there, he returned the court to Avignon. His succes­ sor, Gregory XI, repeated this action— but died before he could depart Rome. The sixteen cardinals who were with Gregory (six oth­ ers were at Avignon, and one was on a mission in Tuscany) immediately met to elect a successor. There were four Ital­ ians and one Spaniard; the rest were French. With the clamor of the Roman mob for "a Roman, or at least an Italian!" and the nervous embassies of civic leaders, the conclave itself Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 3 lacked harmony. There.was a brief stalemate because the 1 French majority was divided! the six Limousin cardinals were as determined to elect the fifth consecutive pope of their region as the other Frenchmen were determined to pre­ vent it. Of the two Roman cardinals, one was considered inexperienced, one too feeble, and anyway the cardinals were reluctant to show total servility to the populace. This opened the way to a compromise candidate favored by the Ital­ ian cardinals, Bartholomew Prignano, archbishop of Bari. A man of reputed good character and scholarship, his years of curial service made him agreeable to the cardinals even though he was not of their number.