DESIGN AND FEASIBILITY OF MICRO HYBRID BIOMASS PLANT USING MAGNETO HYDRODYNAMIC GENERATOR AND THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR Name of Student : Mandeep Kaur (1452763) Deptt. : Power Guide : Shivani Abrol Mode of Study : F. Time ABSTRACT Due to modernization, the power demand is increasing day by day resulting in a wide gap between supply and power demands. Efforts may be oriented towards the search of new sources of energy and has led to the growth of other non conventional methods using renewable sources. As a result, rush to biomass systems have been promoted around the globe at a very large scale as biomass is used as a raw material either in primary or secondary processing units. Nevertheless, plants using biomass as raw material are promoting problems like carbon dioxide emissions and methane gas emission which are threat to earth’s ozone layer. High ash content and heat release to environment are the harmful effects of biomass plant. In order to get optimal generation conditions, cogeneration of biomass plant is done so as to provide clean energy to environment. For this reason, biomass cogeneration is done using MHD generator, thermoelectric generator so as to increase the reliability and efficiency of the system. Normally the efficiency of boiler is 25-35% but by using the cogeneration, efficiency has increased to 65-85% because flue gases obtained from burning of raw material are cycled again to boiler after passing through MHD and TEG generator. As a result the boiler will need less energy to increase its internal temperature thereby increasing the efficiency of boiler. The flue gases obtained after burning the fuel in boiler is fed to TEG, from where they move to MHD generator. The seeding material is added as the flue gases enter the MHD generator so as to increase the electrical conductivity of the gas. Now, again the flue gases are fed to boiler and consequently the cycle is completed. The output from TEG is utilized by the cogeneration plant itself, so as to fulfill power requirements of the plant such as in cooling systems; fans etc. leading to less power consumption. The other two outputs i.e. from turbine and MHD generator are fed to the grid so as to meet the power demands. CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 ROLE OF ENERGY Energy plays a very important role in everyday life and is the most important resource in the economic growth of a country. In every sector i.e. industrial, agricultural, transport, commercial and domestic; electrical energy is a must. Due to industrialization and urbanization, the demand of energy is increasing day by day and for the same, rush to alternative sources of energy production are increasing. Modernization increases the productivity in industry which is dependent on electrical energy utility and these demands can be fulfilled through energy generation resources. Energy is divided into many resources, such as renewable resources, non- renewable resources and fossil fuels, especially oil and natural gas which are present in limited amount. Many searches are going on towards the usage of new sources of energy which further leads to the promotion of alternative energy sources using solar, wind, biomass etc. This has led to the increase in the electricity generation through non-conventional resources with the objective of sustaining the non-renewable sources of energy. Moreover, along with the generation of electric power they also help in overcoming the effect of global warming and promote healthy environment. Hence it is necessary to generate more and more power so as to fulfill the increasing demands of energy. 1.2 RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY Renewable resources of energy are those resources which can be renewed again and again and are present in nature in large amounts. Therefore it is the best option for energy generation. Different forms of renewable resources are:- 1. Wind energy 2. Solar energy 1 3. Geothermal energy 4. Hydroelectric energy 5. Biomass Fig 1.1 Renewable sources of energy 1.2.1 POSITION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA India is rich in renewable resources like solar, wind, biomass , hydro and cogeneration and for further development of country, emphasis must laid on the utility of these resources so as to accomplish the growing demands of energy . Since from the past years many plans have been promoted to conserve the resources, consequently there has been high level of their usage; and therefore building a brighter future. In the figure 1.2 the future of energy generation using renewable sources in India is shown:- 2 Installed capacity of renewable resources Potential of renewable resources up to 2032 Fig 1.2 Expected growth potential of renewable in future The above figure shows the expected future of using renewable resources to meet the growing demands. In the first figure the installed capacity of renewable resources in India is shown and further the expected installation of projects using renewable resources is depicted in solar, biomass and hydro plants have bright future. For the same, searches are going on towards the usage of new sources of energy which lead to the promotion of alternative energy sources using solar, biomass, wind etc. this has led to the increase in the electricity generation through non-conventional resources with the objective of sustaining the non-renewable sources of energy. Hence from this it is concluded that biomass has a promising future in upcoming years, thus promoting high scope. The state wise look of renewable energy status in India is given in the Table 1.1. 3 Table 1.1 Renewable energy position of different states of India State name Wind Small Biomass Bio-energy Bio- Total Power(MW) Hydro Power Bagase energy- Power(MW) (MW) Cogeneration Waste (MW) to Energy (MW) Andhra 14500 987 582 301 132 16502 Pradesh Arunachal 240 1350 9 NA NA 1599 Pradesh Assam 120 240 212 NA 8 580 Bihar 150 230 620 300 80 1380 Chhattisgarh 312 1108 234 NA 24 1678 Goa NA 8 24 NA NA 32 Gujarat 35071 200 1222 351 120 36964 Haryana 94 100 1340 350 25 1909 Himachal 65 2350 150 NA 2 2567 Pradesh Jammu & 5685 1440 45 NA NA 7170 Kashmir Jharkhand 95 210 90 Na 10 405 Karnataka 13593 4150 1230 450 NA 19423 Kerala 837 704 1044 NA 36 2621 Madhya 2932 820 1365 NA 35 5152 4 Maharashtra 5965 795 1890 1250 288 10188 Manipur 56 109 15 NA 75 255 Meghalaya 85 230 15 NA 2 332 Mizoram NA 170 1 NA 2 173 Nagaland 16 199 10 NA NA 225 Orissa 1432 298 256 NA 24 2010 Punjab NA 441 3172 300 44 3957 Rajasthan 5060 57 1039 NA 62 6218 Sikkim 98 267 2 NA NA 367 Tamil Nadu 14152 660 1070 450 152 16484 Tripura NA 47 5 NA 2 54 Uttar Pradesh 1260 452 1620 1250 175 4757 Uttarkhand 535 1709 25 NA 5 2274 West Bengal 25 340 396 NA 148 909 Daman & 4 NA NA NA 3 7 Diu Chandigarh NA NA NA NA 6 6 Delhi NA NA NA NA 131 131 Pondicherry 130 NA NA NA 3 133 Dadar& NA NA NA NA NA NA Nagar Haveli Andaman & 365 8 NA NA NA 373 Nicobar Lakshadweep NA NA NA NA NA NA Others NA NA NA NA 1023 1023 5 Total 103624 19779 17683 5002 2617 106398 Source: MNRE 1.2.2 POSITION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN PUNJAB PEDA (Punjab Energy Development Agency) is an agency established for the promotion and development of renewable energy projects and energy conservation program in Punjab. This agency helps to enhance the status of state energy production. Table 1.2 shows the renewable energy status of Punjab of the year 2015. Table 1.2 Installed renewable Energy position of Punjab (2015) S.No Renewable energy system type Installed Capacity(in MW) A. Grid Interactive Renewable Power 1. Biomass Power 55 .00 2. Wind Power _ 3. Small Hydro Power Installed Capacity-49.50 Capacity under installation- 35.85 4. Solar Power 9.00 B. Off Grid Renewable Power 1. Biogas plants 2.5 2. Biomass cogeneration 390 3. Solar Panel Voltage systems(> 1 k W) 810 k W From the previous data it is clear that, projects based on renewable resources are promoted, leading to power conservation. This thesis discusses the usage of one such renewable resource, i.e. BIOMASS; used as a cogeneration plant to generate electricity. 6 1.3 BIOMASS - A FIRM UTILITY The left out of crops like sugarcane residues, husk, rice straw, rice husk, wheat husk, wheat straw etc. and industrial residues like sawdust, wood off-cuts etc. are generally referred to as biomass and the energy released from these waste materials is known as biomass energy. It is a perfect renewable fuel for Combined Heat and Power (CHP) applications as biomass is publically acceptable and is available in large quantities in agricultural, industrial, urban areas. Biomass has many properties like renewable, widely available and carbon neutrality due to which it makes biomass as an incredible energy source for power generation. Moreover it is capable of providing continues power supply and plays double role in green house mitigation both as energy source and carbon sink. 1.3.1 DIFFERENT BIOMASS MATERIALS For biomass used as a fuel, different forms of materials are required which are generally residues like agro-industrial waste and are present in huge quantities. Therefore various materials available as biomass are:- Virgin Wood- The left out of forestry and wood processing units comes under the virgin wood Energy Crops- The high yield crop grown especially for providing heat energy comes under energy crops. It consists of popular, silver maple, green ash, sweet gum etc.