University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-1991 An extended case study in planning in a human services agency : a history of human services of Morgan Memorial Goodwill Industries, Inc. William Thomas McCarriston University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation McCarriston, William Thomas, "An extended case study in planning in a human services agency : a history of human services of Morgan Memorial Goodwill Industries, Inc." (1991). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 4783. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/4783 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN EXTENDED CASE STUDY IN PLANNING IN A HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY: A HISTORY OF HUMAN SERVICES OF MORGAN MEMORIAL GOODWILL INDUSTRIES, INC. A Dissertation Presented by WILLIAM THOMAS Me CARRISTON, JR. Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION May 1991 School of Education Copyright by William Thomas Me Carriston, Jr. 1991 AN EXTENDED CASE STUDY IN PLANNING IN A HUMAN SERVICE AGENCY A HISTORY OF HUMAN SERVICES OF MORGAN MEMORIAL GOODWILL INDUSTRIES, INC. A Dissertation Presented by WILLIAM THOMAS Me CARRISTON, JR. Approved as to style and content by: JajfT^s W. Fraser, Member Ra^r^/Zaimaran, Member DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the tens of thousands of persons who come daily to Goodwill Industries throughout the world seeking, "Not Charity, but a Chance." ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I must express my gratitude to my committee, Raza Zaimaran, James Fraser, and Robert Wellman for their patience and guidance during the development and execution of this work. In particular Robert Wellman for his constant encouragement toward its completion. I must also acknowledge the contribution of Winston Thompson at whose insistence I began this program of study, and whose constant support has been instrumental in its completion. In my pursuit of the history of Morgan Memorial, Rev. Henry E. Helms, former Executive Director and now archivist has been a most valuable resource of materials for which he has lovingly cared for an entire life time. He has been of outstanding assistance in locating relevant and significant data as well as an outstanding source of oral history. Emil M. Hartl, Ph.D. also of Morgan Memorial has not only been a strong mentor in the development of human services at Morgan Memorial, but also a personal inspiration in the execution of this work. His historical perspectives of the early days of professional service delivery have been most helpful. Another acknowledgement due Morgan Memorial is to the outstanding and dedicated staff who have provided the material upon which this work could be based. The final acknowledgement is to my editor, research assistant, critic, and prompter, Ms. Nanci Kendall, my wife, without whose unselfish sacrifices of time and companionship, this work would not be. ABSTRACT AN EXTENDED CASE STUDY IN PLANNING IN A HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY: A HISTORY OF HUMAN SERVICES OF MORGAN MEMORIAL GOODWILL INDUSTRIES, INC. MAY 1991 WILLIAM THOMAS Me CARRISTON, JR. B.S.Ed., STATE TEACHERS' COLLEGE AT BOSTON M.Ed., BOSTON COLLEGE Ed.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS Directed by: Professor Robert R. Wellman This work examines planning as a determinant in the development of human services at Morgan Memorial Goodwill Industries, Inc. of Boston Massachusetts. The lives of the founding fathers are examined as are times of the founding of the organization. The philosophical development of Morgan Memorial and Edgar James Helms is related. Presented are the successes of the agency, its failures and opportunities lost throughout its 95 year history, against planning where evident. The work is a chronology of the founding, early life, maturing of the agency and concludes in with the development of present day services. Research materials included the organization's published annual reports, board of directors' meeting minutes, autobiographical and collateral historic materials. Oral history from Rev. Henry E. Helms, Emil M. Hartl, Ph.D., and observations by this writer in more than twenty years with Morgan Memorial are also incorporated. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v Chapter I BEGINNINGS . 1 Methodology . 1 Research Material . 6 Definitions . 7 The Beginning. 8 Founding Fathers . 8 Henry Morgan, P.M.P. (1825-1884) . 8 Edgar James Helms (1863-1942) 22 Summary. 40 II PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS . 45 To Morgan's Chapel. 55 Edgar Helms Philosophical Development . 60 Early Settlement House Work. 68 The Birth of Goodwill Industries . 71 Founding of Goodwill Industries as a Planned Activity. 77 III THE EARLY YEARS. 82 Frederick C. Moore (1874 - 1958) . 86 Other Developments in the Founding Years. 87 Formal Incorporation . 89 Founding Fresh Air Camps . 89 Initial Plan Progress Report . 92 First Published Annual Report 1908 . 93 The Near Disaster of 1910. 96 Analysis of the Crisis of 1910. 98 New Growth in Facilities and Programs.102 Hearty Approval . 104 Missed Opportunity . 108 First Formalized Planning . Ill Executive Secretary of Goodwill Industries .... 114 1926 Crisis.114 Summary.118 IV YEARS OF CHALLENGE.121 Outcome Evaluation of the 1922 Prospectus (Ten Year Plan).123 1932 Outcomes compared to Specific Objectives . 126 Summary of the 1922 Objectives Against the 1932 Actualities.131 Edgar James Helms, Planner (slight evidence) . 134 Goodwill Inn School, Emil and Betty Hartl, and the Beginning of Professional Programs . 135 Comprehensive Client Centered Program Development 139 Edgar James Helms Passes On December 23, 1942 . 142 A Major Opportunity Lost . 148 Rev. Henry E. Helms 1953 - 1980 159 Physical Facilities Crisis of the Sixties .... 171 V MODERN PROGRAMS AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT 1966 TO 1989 . 178 Status of the Organization 1963 To 1966 . 178 Development of Present Vocational Rehabilitation Programs: Boston, Lynn and Worcester .... 190 Charles Hayden Goodwill Inn School . 199 Fresh Air Camps.200 Other Children's Services . 201 Seventies.201 General Conditions of Morgan Memorial in the Seventies.207 Physical Plants . 207 Boston Headquarters . 207 Northshore.209 Worcester Goodwill . 212 Fresh Air Camps.214 Hayden Goodwill Inn School For Boys.214 Financial Conditions . 216 Rebirth of Programs.217 Background.217 Boston.220 Worcester Goodwill Industries . 223 Hayden School . 227 Goodwill Industries . 227 1977 A Year of Major Change.230 Program Impacts 1977 - 1982 235 Hayden School . 239 Fresh Air Camps.243 Strategic Planning in Morgan Memorial . 244 Effects of Planning on Human Services 1983 - 1989 247 1986 Another Major Change . 250 Program Growth 1986 TO 1988 255 Conclusions.258 APPENDICES < 262 CQ 264 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 270 ■ ■ ■ vm I BEGINNINGS Methodology The purpose of this work is to examine the history of the development of human services in Morgan Memorial Goodwill Industries, Inc. including its successes, failures, strengths and weaknesses against a tapestry of planful development, opportunism, or the impact of chance. Where there is concrete evidence of formalized planning in the organization's history is will be so noted. The historical presentation will be developed chronologically, beginning with a somewhat detailed examination of the life of Rev. Henry Morgan and Dr. Edgar J. Helms . Chapter I In addition to the methodology and purpose of this work. Chapter I will give the reader a sense of the underlying dynamics and values from which the organization was developed. In the lives of each of the founding fathers there shall be an attempt to examine critical life choices against a background of planned action and its subsequent outcome. There are several times, both in the lives of the founding fathers of Morgan Memorial and in the life of the 1 organization when it nearly ceased to be, lost opportunities for growth, or simply made poor decisions. It is expected that the reader of this extended case study will learn that planning in a human service agency is vital to its orderly growth and survival. In the forward of the Goodwill Industries of America publication. Strategic Planning for Local Goodwill Industries, is a synopsis of the rationale for this process. "Management authority Peter Drucker has described strategic planning as 'the continuous process of making present entrepreneurial (risk-taking) decisions systematically, with the greatest knowledge of their futurity. it is the application of thought, analysis, imagination and judgement. It is not masterminding the future. Strategic planning is necessary precisely because we cannot forecast.' The Introduction of the publication reads: "In the fluctuating climate of nonprofit business, social and economic activity today, an organization cannot avoid making decisions that, ultimately, decide its future and the future of those the organization seeks to serve. Consciously or unconsciously, formally or informally, every person and every group makes choices that influence long¬ term outcomes. Exercising selection is inevitable. Most major decisions are felt throughout the agency; every division, every department, every employee, every client will feel