ANNUAL REPORT 2017 Year Ended March 31, 2017 Topics in Fiscal Year 2016 2016 Apr. • Formed a petroleum products marketing company, Idemitsu Q8 Petroleum LLC, in Vietnam Sep. • Concluded to construct hydrogenated hydrocarbon resin plants in Taiwan Nov. • Signed a collaboration in OLED materials development with Merck Nov. • Concluded to modify ethylene plants of Chiba LLP’s Dec. • Concluded to expand production capacity of OLED materials plants in Korea Dec. • Acquired 31.3% of Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K. shares from Royal Dutch Shell Dec. • Commenced production at Laffan Refinery 2, Idemitsu has 2% stake, in Qatar 2017 Jan. • Established OLED materials development company in Switzerland Mar. • Commencement of commercial operation of geothermal binary power plants in Oita Mar. • Reduced refining capacity to 500K bpd in accordance with the government guidance Contents 02 Financial Highlights 27 Material Agreements, etc. 04 To Our Stakeholders 28 Corporate Governance 21 Management Philosophy 39 Directors, Audit & Supervisory Board Members and Executive Officers 22 At a Glance 41 Financial Section 24 Research & Development 91 Investor Information Contribute to society with harmony between the economy and the environment by effectively securing and using energy and by developing functional materials. Idemitsu Kosan Co.,Ltd. was founded in Moji, Kita-Kyushu in 1911 under the name Idemitsu Shokai to engage in oil distribution. Since its foundation, Idemitsu has worked hard under the fundamental principle of social contribution through business, always maintaining respect for human beings in carrying out business operations. During its 106-year history, the Company has utilized its expertise globally in a wide range of strategic businesses, such as petroleum products, petrochemical products, oil exploration and production, coal, and other businesses. The Idemitsu Group strives to contribute to the creation of a recycling society of the future by focusing on development of businesses in these fields. Petroleum Products 76.6% • Fuel oil • Lubricants • Transportion of oil Petrochemical Products 14.6% NET SALES • Basic chemicals • Performance chemicals • Engineering plastics ¥3.2 trillion • Plastic processed products Resources 7.1% • Oil exploration and production • Coal • Geothermal resources • Uranium Others 1.7% Note: FY and fiscal year indicated in this annual report refer to the fiscal year from April 1 to March 31 of the following year. • Electoronic materials • Agricultural biotechnology CAUTIONARY NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This annual report contains forward-looking statements concerning the future plans, strategies and performance of Idemitsu Kosan Co.,Ltd. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts; rather, they represent assumptions and beliefs based on economic and financial data available as of the publication date. Actual operating results may therefore differ substantially from the Company’s expectations due to various factors, including but not limited to the following: (1) global economic conditions; (2) social trends; and (3) changes in the Company’s competitiveness caused by fluctuation of demand for its products and services. ANNUAL REPORT 2017 01 Financial Highlights Idemitsu Kosan Co.,Ltd. and Consolidated Subsidiaries Fiscal years ended March 31 Thousands of Millions of yen U.S. dollars* FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2016 For the year Net sales ¥4,374,696 ¥5,034,995 ¥4,629,732 ¥3,570,202 ¥3,190,347 $28,437,002 Operating income 110,684 78,197 (104,798) (19,643) 135,234 1,205,406 Net income 50,167 36,294 (137,958) (35,993) 88,164 785,854 Net cash provided by operating activities 50,780 50,087 172,904 216,368 53,539 477,225 Net cash provided by investing activities (70,891) (179,811) (131,146) (98,052) (214,817) (1,914,765) Net cash provided by financing activities (45,657) 161,143 (98,253) (105,581) 136,143 1,213,509 Capital expenditures 71,020 107,472 147,406 57,630 46,102 410,931 Depreciation and amortization 53,988 63,120 66,744 80,282 70,200 625,730 At year-end Total assets 2,728,480 2,995,063 2,731,001 2,402,118 2,641,633 23,546,069 Total equity 687,948 743,786 630,384 537,660 619,932 5,525,740 Interest–bearing debt 896,380 1,081,931 1,006,207 909,586 1,052,336 9,379,945 Per share data** Net income per share 1,254.51 226.90 (862.50) (225.03) 551.19 4.91 Net assets per share 16,343.31 4,391.46 3,671.39 3,129.93 3,649.83 32.53 Cash dividends per share 200.0 125.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 0.45 Ratios Return on invested capital (ROIC)*** (%) 7.1 4.7 (6.3) (0.7) 8.6 — Return on equity (ROE) (%) 8.1 5.4 (21.4) (6.6) 16.3 — Shareholders’ equity ratio (%) 24.0 23.5 21.5 20.8 22.1 — Net debt/equity ratio (times) 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 — Other data Number of shares issued (thousands of shares)** 40,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 — Number of employees (people) 8,684 8,749 8,829 9,203 9,139 — * Solely for the convenience of the reader, the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended March 31, 2017 have been translated into United States dollars at the rate of ¥112.19 = U.S.$1, the approximate rate of exchange prevailing on March 31, 2017. This translation should not be construed as a representation that all the amounts shown could be converted into U.S. dollars. ** The Company conducted a 1:4 stock split on its common shares with the effective date of January 1, 2014. Cash dividends per share of FY2013 are calculated under the assumption that the stock split had been conducted at the beginning of FY2013. *** ROIC = Operating income****/(total equity + interest - bearing debt) **** Operating income used to calculate ROIC includes equity in earnings/losses of affiliated companies and dividend income. 02 ANNUAL REPORT 2017 Net Sales Operating Income Net Income Billions of yen Billions of yen Billions of yen 6,000 150 90 125 5,000 60 100 4,000 75 30 3,000 50 25 0 2,000 0 -30 1,000 -25 0 -100 -150 12 13 14 15 16 FY 12 13 14 15 16 FY 12 13 14 15 16 FY Shareholders’ Equity Interest-Bearing Debt Total Assets Shareholders’ Equity Ratio Net Debt/Equity Ratio Billions of yen Billions of yen % Billions of yen Times 3,000 900 30 1,200 6 2,500 750 25 1,000 5 2,000 600 20 800 4 1,500 450 15 600 3 1,000 300 10 400 2 500 150 5 200 1 0 0 0 0 0 12 13 14 15 16 FY 12 13 14 15 16 FY 12 13 14 15 16 FY Interest-Bearing Debt Net Debt/Equity Ratio Shareholders equity = quity Minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries Shareholders equity ratio = Shareholders equity/Total assets ROE = Net income/Average of shareholders’ equity at beginning and end of period Net Debt/Equity Ratio = (Interest-bearing debt - cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities)/shareholders’ equity ANNUAL REPORT 2017 03 To Our Stakeholders Analyses of Operating Results and Financial Position (1) Analysis of Operating Results 1) General Economic Conditions and Environment Surrounding the Idemitsu Group During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, the Japanese economy continued its mild upward momentum amid the improving consumer spending and employment conditions as well as the upturn in business confidence centered on the manufacturing industry in the context of a steady US economy, the progress of a weakened yen, and the recovery of Chinese economic performance. As for the domestic demand for petroleum products during fiscal 2016, while demand for gasoline slightly decreased due to the reaction to increased demand in fiscal 2015 caused by favorable summer weather, demand for middle distillate such as kerosene slightly increased thanks to lower temperatures than the previous fiscal year. While the operation of ethylene manufacturing facilities rose due to increased demand for petrochemical raw materials, demand for heavy fuel oil for the power industry decreased caused by the diversification of power sources. As a result, the overall demand for petroleum products remained almost unchanged from the previous fiscal year. Dubai crude oil prices remained on an upward trend around spring of 2016. However, they dropped as summer approached amid widening recognition of an excess supply. Thereafter, prices turned to an upward trend and exceeded $50/bbl because OPEC agreed to cut its oil production in late September and furthermore, they also agreed with non- OPEC countries to make a concerted effort to cut output in December. Nonetheless, they turned to a downward trend in March on account of the effect of increasing crude oil inventory in the US. Consequently, the average price of Dubai crude oil for fiscal 2016 rose $1.4/bbl from the preceding year to $46.9/bbl. Demand for petrochemical products during fiscal 2016 Takashi Tsukioka increased from the previous fiscal year. Domestic production Representative Director & Chief Executive Officer fared relatively well supported by a decrease in import volume due to the weaker yen. The annual average price of naphtha, a petrochemical raw material, dropped $48/ton from the previous fiscal year to $438/ton. 04 ANNUAL REPORT 2017 The exchange rate of the Japanese yen to the US dollar Crude Oil Price remained at an underlying trend of a strong yen until the USD/bbl Dubai middle of the year due to the influence of the Brexiters’ victory 70 in the EU exit vote in the UK. Afterwards the trend turned to a weak yen due to the expectation of an economic stimulus 60 package from Donald Trump, the winner of the US presidential election.