Schedule The “Mush”Room The Mind Room 11:20 - 12:00 - Yoga 12:05 - 12:10 - Opening remarks 12:20 - 1:00 - Mushroom Growing 12:10 - 12:55 - Marc Blainey Workshop 1:05 - 1:50 - Anderson Todd 1:10 - 1:50 - Mushroom Growing 2:00 - 2:45 - Andrew Camargo Workshop 2:45 - 3:30 - Break 2:00 - 2:45 - Andy Letcher 3:40 - 4:25 - Teri Krebs 2:45 - 3:30 - Break 4:30 - 5:20 - John Vervaeke 3:35 - 4:00 - Dianne Solano 5:25 - 6:25 - Kenneth Tupper MAPPING THE MIND 4:30 - 6:00 - Room Closed 6:05 - 7:00 - Documentary (A New Understanding) WITH MUSHROOMS Hosted By: Sponsors: AN OVERVIEW OF PSILOCYBIN 1 22 15 Griffiths, R.R.2007.Psychopharmacology of Psilocybin in Cancer Patients(ClinicalTri- als.govIdentifierNCT00465595).Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clinical- ‘Magic’ mushrooms have played an interesting role in human history. Trials.gov(online Available From URL: 〈http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/ From their use as a sacrament in ancient Mesoamerica, to the CIA’s attempt to NCT00465595?term=Psilocybin&rank=5〈 use psilocybin as a mind control agent under project MK-ULTRA, there is much 16 Ray, T.S., 2010. Psychedelics and the human receptorome. PLoS One 5 (2), e9019. mystery and mythos surrounding psilocybin containing mushrooms As with any mythos, there is a great deal of misrepresentation involved. The implications of 17 Vollenweider, F.X., Vollenweider-Scherpenhuyzen, M.F., Babler, A., et al., 1998. Psilocy- such misrepresentation (some of which admittedly stem from our best attempts to bin induces schizophrenia-like psychosis in Vollenweider, F.X., Vollenweider-Scherpen- huyzen, M.F., Babler, A., et al., 1998. articulate the psychedelic experience) are now reflected in the strict government restrictions on accessing what might more accurately be called a plant teacher than 18 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeepDream a drug. The purpose of this guide is to clarify what exactly psilocybin is, why it is 19 Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Friston, K. J. (2010). The default-mode, ego-functions and interesting, and what it might be useful for. free-energy: A neurobiological account of Freudian ideas. Brain, 133(4), 1265-1283. doi:10.1093/brain/awq010 20 Carhart-Harris, R. L., Erritzoe, D., Williams, T., Stone, J. M., Reed, L. J., Colasanti, A., About The 920 Movement Nutt, D. J. (2012). Neural correlates of the psychedelic state as determined by fMRI studies with psilocybin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(6), 2138- 2143. doi:10.1073/pnas.1119598109 The 920 Coalition is a network of non-profit organizations and like minded 21 Huxley, A., & Huxley, A. (1963). The doors of perception ; and, Heaven and hell. New York: Harper & Row. individuals. We organize events around the world each year on 9/20 (September 20th), focused on the role that psilocybin mushrooms play in our society and health 22 Kometer, M., Schmidt, A., Jancke, L. ,et al., 2013. Activation of serotonin 2A receptors care system, and how they might be used in the future. This movement is made underlies the pslocybin-induced effects on alpha oscillations, N170 visual-evoked potentials, and visual hallucinations. J.Neurosci.33(25),10544–10551. possible by the so called “psychedelic renaissance” that is currently ongoing, with more research being published on psychedelic compounds since the “war on drugs” 23 Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Moran, R. J., et al., 2013. Broad- began in the 60s. band cortical desychronization underlies the human psychedelic state. J.Neuros- ci.33(38),15171–15183. 2015 was our first year and we had more than 30 wonderful events in Canada, 24 Riba, J., Anderer, P., Jane, F., et al., 2004. Effects of the South American psychoactive Mexico, Netherlands, UK, Australia, and the United States. beverage ayahuasca on regional brain electrical activity in humans: a functional neuro- imaging study using low-resolution electroencephalography 25 Carhart-Harris, R. L., Leech, R., Williams, T. M. ,et al., 2012b. Implications for psy- chedelic-asisted psychotherapy: functional magnetic resonance imaging study with psilocybin. Br. J. Psychiatry 200(3),238–244 Author of overview: Daniel Greig 26 Kraehenmann, R., Preller, K. H., Scheidegger, M., Pokorny, T., Bosch, O. G., Seifritz, E., Background of Cover Art: Zachary Nathanial & Vollenweider, F. X. (2015). Psilocybin-Induced Decrease in Amygdala Reactivity Cor- McCrae https://zmcrae.przm.com/ relates with Enhanced Positive Mood in Healthy Volunteers. Biological Psychiatry, 78(8), Notice: Many of the experiment results and statis- 572-581. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.010 tics are direct quotes from their source Krebs, T. S., & Johansen, P. (2013). Psychedelics and Mental Health: A Population Study. Year : 2016 PLoS ONE, 8(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063972 21 Resources Table of Contents 1 Tylš, F., Pálení〈ek, T., & Horá〈ek, J. (2014). Psilocybin – Summary of knowledge and new perspectives. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 24(3), 342-356. doi:10.1016/j. euroneuro.2013.12.006 What is Psilocybin? ............... 3 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptamine Psychological Effects ............. 4 3 https://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/15171770/fpart/all/vc/1 4 Fadiman, J. (2011). The psychedelic explorer’s guide: Safe, therapeutic, and sacred Cognitive Effects ................. 5 journeys. Rochester, VT: Park Street Press. 5 Strassman, R.J.,1984.Adverse reactions to psychedelic drugs. A review of the litera- ture. J.Nerv.Ment.Dis.172(10),577–595. Possible Negative Experiences ..... 7 6Johnson, M.,Richards, W., Griffiths, R., 2008. Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety. J.Psychopharmacol.22(6), 603–620. Addiction ......................... 8 7 Roth, B. L. Berry, S. A.,Kroeze,W .K.,et al., 1998. Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors: molecu- larbiology and mechanisms of regulation. Crit.Rev.Neurobiol.12(4), 319–338. Safety ............................ 9 8Fantegrossi, W. E.,Woods ,J. H.,Winger, G., 2004.Transient reinforcing effects of phenylisopropylamineandindolealkylamine hallucinogensinrhesusmonkeys. Behav. Pharmacol.15(2), 149–157. Brain Activity Signatures ........ 11 9 Nichols, D. E.,2004. Hallucinogens.Pharmacol. Ther.101(2), 131–181. The Short Version .......... 15 10 Cerletti, A.,1958.Etudepharmacologiquedelapsilocybine.In: Heim, R.,Was- son,R.G.(Eds.),1sted.Editionsdu Museum National d’HistorieNaturalle1958,1965–66, Paris,pp.268–271. EEG ........................ 16 11 https://www.erowid.org/plants/mushrooms 12 Metzner, R., 2005. Sacred Mushroom of Visions: Teonanácatl: A Sourcebook on the fMRI ....................... 17 Psilocybin Mushroom. Park. St. Press Roche- ster, Vermont. 13 van Went,G.F.,1978.Mutagenicity testingof 3 hallucinogens: LSD, psilocybin and delta Chemical Action ............ 19 9-THC, usingthemicronucleustest. Experientia 34(3), 324–325. 14 Franz, M.,Regele,H.,Kirchmair,M.,etal.,1996. Magicmushrooms: hope for a ‘cheap Possible Research Applications ... 20 high’ resulting in end-stage renal failure. Nephrol.Dial.Transpl.11(11), 2324–2327 Resources ........................ 21 3 What is Psilocybin? Possible Research 20 Applications Psilocybin is a naturally oc- curring tryptamine alkaloid - Addiction treatment found in over 200 species of - Attention and perception mushrooms; most popularly • Psychotherapeutic adjunct the psilocybe cubensis.1 - Language and semantic for the dying coherence/association • Obsessive-compulsive Psilocybin is not directly The role that psilocybin plays to - PTSD treatment disorder (OCD) responsible for psychedelic mushrooms themselves is still un- experiences. It is quickly known. Some speculations are: - Role of serotonin • Anxiety disorders broken down into psilocin - Chemical defense against by Monamine Oxidase, - Mystical Experiences Bacterial competitors • Depressive disorder which binds to the brain. - Deterrent to herbivores - Emotion - An interface point between • Cluster headaches human consciousness and Tryptamines are structur- the extended network of planetary - Memory • Perception research ally similar to the amino life acid tryptophan. Seroronin - Neural networks 3 - Revealing brain function is a naturally occurring via - shroomery.org tryptamine. Serotinin is an - Positive Psychology - Educational Tool important neurotransmit- (Flourishing) ter involved in mood and - Insight Problem Solving emotional regulation. It also - Neurology of Psychosis plays a key role in the psy- - Implicit Learning chedelic effects occasioned -Salience and Construal by psilocybin and psilocin, which stimulate serotonin receptors.2 19 Chemical Action Psychological Effects 4 The effects of psilocybin vary greatly depending on the dose. Very low doses are used by some to enhance cognition in areas such - Psilocybin is rapidly metabolizes to psilocin, which is as focus, creativity, and the ease of entering flow states (being “in the a potent agonist at serotonin 5-HT1A/2A/2C receptors. zone”)4. No studies have so far been done on this method of using 5-HT2A receptor activation is directly correlated with psychedelic compounds, known as ‘microdosing’. Low doses can also human hallucinogenic activity(1)(15). sometimes cause drowsiness or amplify existing mood. Medium doses induce a well controllable altered state of consciousness.1 High doses (for reference, 5 grams of dried mushrooms is often referred to as a ‘heroic’ - Psilocybin produces a global increase in cerebral dose) initiate full psychedelic experiences. metabolic rate of glucose, mostly in the frontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and temporomedial cortex.