April 2002 JOURNAL OF Volume 64 Number 1 ISSN 1090-6924 A Publication of the National CAVE AND KARST Speleological Society STUDIES CAVE AND KARST GIS SPECIAL ISSUE Journal of Cave and Karst Studies Editor Louise D. Hose of the National Speleological Society Department of Physical Sciences Volume 64 Number 1 April 2002 Chapman University Orange, CA 92866 (714) 997-6994 Voice CONTENTS (714) 532-6048 FAX [email protected] Introduction to cave and karst GIS Bernard W. Szukalski 3 Production Editor James A. Pisarowicz Using GIS to manage two large cave systems, Wind and Jewel Caves, Wind Cave National Park South Dakota Hot Springs, SD 57747 Rene Ohms and Matthew Reece 4 (605) 673-5582 [email protected] The use of GIS in the spatial analysis of an archaeological cave site Holley Moyes 9 BOARD OF EDITORS Anthropology GIS applied to bioarchaeology: An example from the Patty Jo Watson Río Talgua Caves in northeast Honduras Department of Anthropology Nicholas Herrmann 17 Washington University St. Louis, MO 63130 Remote sensing and GIS-based analysis of cave development [email protected] in the Suoimuoi Catchment (Son La - NW Vietnam) L. Q. Hung, N.Q. Dinh, O. Batelaan, V. T. Tam, and D. Lagrou 23 Conservation Julian J. Lewis J. Lewis & Associates, Biological Consulting Implementation and application of GIS at Timpanogos Cave 217 West Carter Avenue National Monument, Utah Clarksville, IN 47129 B.E. McNeil, J.D. Jasper, D.A. Luchsinger, and M.V. Rainsmier 34 (812) 283-6120 [email protected] The application of GIS in support of land acquisition for the protection of sensitive groundwater recharge properties in the Edwards Aquifer Earth Sciences-Journal Index of south-central Texas Ira D. Sasowsky Dan Stone and Geary M. Schindel 38 Department of Geology University of Akron Revising the karst map of the United States Akron, OH 44325-4101 George Veni 45 (330) 972-5389 [email protected] The development of a karst feature database for southeastern Minnesota Exploration Yongli Gao, E. Calvin Alexander, Jr., and Robert G. Tipping 51 Andrea Futrell 987 Dow Creek Road Karst GIS advances in Kentucky Pembroke, VA 24136 Lee J. Florea and Randall L. Paylor, Larry Simpson, and Jason Gulley 58 (540) 626-5349 [email protected] Using geographic information systems to develop a cave potential map for Wind Cave, South Dakota Life Sciences Rodney D. Horrocks and Bernard W. Szukalski 63 Steve Taylor Center for Biodiversity Hurricane Crawl Cave: A GIS-based cave management Illinois Natural History Survey plan analysis and review 607 East Peabody Drive (MC-652) Joel Despain and Shane Fryer 71 Champaign, IL 61820-6970 (217) 333-5702 Public datasets integrated with GIS and 3-D visualization help expand [email protected] subsurface conceptual model Social Sciences Terri L. Phelan 77 Marion O. Smith P.O. Box 8276 An examination of perennial stream drainage patterns within the University of Tennessee Station Mammoth Cave watershed, Kentucky Knoxville, TN 37996 Alan Glennon and Chris Groves 82 Book Reviews Cave Science News 93 Ernst H. Kastning P.O. Box 1048 The Journal of Cave and Karst Studies (ISSN 1090-6924) is a multi-disciplinary, refereed journal published three Radford, VA 24141-0048 times a year by the National Speleological Society, 2813 Cave Avenue, Huntsville, Alabama 35810-4431 USA; (256) [email protected] 852-1300; FAX (256) 851-9241, e-mail: [email protected]; World Wide Web: http://www.caves.org/~nss/. The annual subscription fee, worldwide, by surface mail, is $18 US. Airmail delivery outside the United States of both the NSS Proofreader News and the Journal of Cave and Karst Studies is available for an additional fee of $40 (total $58); The Journal of Donald G. Davis Cave and Karst Studies is not available alone by airmail. Back issues and cumulative indices are available from the NSS office. POSTMASTER: send address changes to the Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 2813 Cave Avenue, JOURNAL ADVISORY BOARD Huntsville, Alabama 35810-4431 USA. David Ashley Rane Curl Copyright © 2002 by the National Speleological Society, Inc. Printed on recycled paper by American Web, 4040 Malcolm Field Andrew Flurkey Dahlia Street, Denver, Colorado 80216 USA John Ganter Donald MacFarlane Front cover: Cave potential map,Wind Cave, South Dakota. See Horrocks and Szukalski, p. 63. Diana Northup Art Palmer Back cover: Geologic cross-section of the Edwards Aquifer, Texas. See Stone and Schindel, p. 38. William White Bernard W. Szukalski - Introduction to cave and karst GIS. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 64(1): 3. INTRODUCTION TO CAVE AND KARST GIS BERNARD W. SZUKALSKI ESRI Cave & Karst Program, ESRI, 380 New York Street, Redlands, CA 92373-8100, USA A geographic information Management, and US Forest system (GIS) is a software sys- Service have begun to tem that stores, analyzes, and explore the ways that a GIS displays geographic data and can help to manage and pro- related information. GIS is a tect cave resources. Even relatively new science and independent caving organiza- technology that brings together tions and cave and karst con- many different disciplines. It is servancies have begun to based on the fact that much of explore GIS. the data and information we Cave and karst GIS has need to use has an inherent proven to be useful and effec- geographic location and is tive in many ways. GIS is related spatially. GIS delivers used to integrate and manage the capabilities to store, man- different kinds of karst data age and query geographic data, and to create high quality and produce maps and reports. maps that incorporate many More importantly, GIS pro- other layers of information. vides the analytical tools to Advanced rendering capabili- help understand the spatial dis- ties are used to visualize tribution of geographic infor- caves and karst features in mation and model its interac- 3D. Beyond simple tasks, tions, in many cases finding GIS analytical and modeling patterns and relationships pre- capabilities are increasing our viously unrecognized. knowledge of caves and karst Once used only by a select and helping make informed few organizations and research decisions. GIS is used to institutes, today GIS is used by understand and mitigate the many cities and towns, states, impacts of proposed landfills, most government agencies, businesses, schools, universities, highway construction, housing development, and landuse and many other organizations worldwide. GIS is used in a changes in karst areas. GIS is used to determine cave potential diverse range of applications such as environmental manage- and for groundwater management and modeling. At a more ment, health care, telecommunications, archaeology, forestry, detailed level, GIS is used to query and manage cave invento- transportation, agriculture, local government, law enforce- ry data and is being employed to understand the spatial rela- ment, marine ecology, electric utilities, education, petroleum tionships within the cave and also to identify relationships with exploration, and more. The list of users continues to grow as the external environment as a whole. Many of these applica- GIS technology and the supporting computing environment tions present new technical challenges as well as insight. evolves and becomes more powerful and less costly. The full potential of cave and karst GIS has only begun to Although GIS has been used by environmental managers be explored. The papers in this issue demonstrate just some of for decades, the use of GIS to study and manage caves and the variety of ways it is being used today. Many of the topics karst is a relatively new and rapidly growing area. Many envi- represent new and unique applications of GIS in cave and karst ronmental consulting companies now use GIS to solve prob- research, conservation, and management. We can learn much lems in karst areas. State and local government agencies incor- and gain inspiration from these examples and can look forward porate karst layers in their GIS databases and use that infor- to the continuing evolution and expansion of GIS in the cave mation in daily activities. Since the adoption of the Federal and karst domain. The results will be better understanding, Cave Resources Protection Act of 1988, federal government management, and conservation of these unique resources. agencies such as the National Park Service, Bureau of Land Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, April 2002 • 3 Rene Ohms and Matthew Reece - Using GIS to manage two large cave systems, Wind and Jewel Caves, South Dakota. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 64(1): 4-8. USING GIS TO MANAGE TWO LARGE CAVE SYSTEMS, WIND AND JEWEL CAVES, SOUTH DAKOTA RENE OHMS Jewel Cave National Monument, RR1 Box 60AA, Custer, SD 57730 USA MATTHEW REECE Lava Beds National Monument, 1 Indian Wells Headquarters, Tulelake, CA 96134 USA The length and complexity of Wind and Jewel Caves offer unique challenges for cave managers. Determining the location of specific cave passages in relation to surface features is a key management tool, which is now greatly facilitated by Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This has been particu- larly useful at Wind and Jewel, where the complexity of the caves and their lack of obvious relation to the overlying surface make visualization of their locations difficult. GIS has also been used at both Wind and Jewel to display data tied to cave survey stations (such as feature inventories and control points). At Jewel Cave, GIS has been used to aid in management decisions regarding the use of herbicides above cave resources, and to better identify where the cave crosses political boundaries. At Wind Cave, GIS has been used to plan a parking lot replacement project and to create a model of the cave’s potential extent. South Dakota’s Wind Cave, over 160 km, and Jewel Cave, over 200 km, are complex network mazes with several distinct levels of passage in a vertical extent of just over 190 m.