NASA/CR–2004-212820 Curriculum for Aerospace Architecture With Emphasis on Lunar Base and Habitat Studies Donna P. Duerk September 2004 The NASA STI Program Office . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected advancement of aeronautics and space science. The papers from scientific and technical confer- NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) ences, symposia, seminars, or other meetings Program Office plays a key part in helping NASA sponsored or cosponsored by NASA. maintain this important role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, technical, The NASA STI Program Office is operated by or historical information from NASA programs, Langley Research Center, the Lead Center for projects, and missions, often concerned with NASA’s scientific and technical information. The subjects having substantial public interest. NASA STI Program Office provides access to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- aeronautical and space science STI in the world. language translations of foreign scientific and The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission. mechanism for disseminating the results of its research and development activities. These results Specialized services that complement the STI are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Program Office’s diverse offerings include creating Series, which includes the following report types: custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research results . even • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of providing videos. completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of NASA For more information about the NASA STI programs and include extensive data or theoreti- Program Office, see the following: cal analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and information • Access the NASA STI Program Home Page at deemed to be of continuing reference value. http://www.sti.nasa.gov NASA’s counterpart of peer-reviewed formal professional papers but has less stringent • E-mail your question via the Internet to limitations on manuscript length and extent [email protected] of graphic presentations. • Fax your question to the NASA Access Help • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific and Desk at (301) 621-0134 technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, • Telephone the NASA Access Help Desk at working papers, and bibliographies that contain (301) 621-0390 minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis. • Write to: NASA Access Help Desk • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and NASA Center for AeroSpace Information technical findings by NASA-sponsored 7121 Standard Drive contractors and grantees. Hanover, MD 21076-1320 NASA/CR–2004-212820 Curriculum for Aerospace Architecture With Emphasis on Lunar Base and Habitat Studies Donna P. Duerk Professor of Architecture California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, California 93407 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California 94035-1000 September 2004 Acknowledgments Thanks to Marc M. Cohen for his major support and access to many resources: especially the opportunity to work in his office at NASA Ames during my sabbatical. The reader will notice that many of his papers are used as references. That is due to their relevance as well as their accessibility. Thanks to reviewers for their time, references, encouragement, and useful criticism. Constance M. Adams, Space Architect Lara Battles, Psychotherapist Randall Clague, X-Cor Aerospace Zann Gill, Co-Director, NASA Academy for Astrobiology A. Scott Howe, Ph.D., University of Hong Kong, Department of Architecture Hernan Lorenzo, Aerospace Designer Jack W. Stokes, Marshall Space Flight Center Andreas Vogler, Technishe Universitat Munchen James A. Wise, Eco*Integrations/Integral*Visuals, Inc. Available from: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information National Technical Information Service 7121 Standard Drive 5285 Port Royal Road Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Springfield, VA 22161 (301) 621-0390 (703) 487-4650 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1. WHAT IS SPACE ARCHITECTURE? ............................................................................................. 3 1.2. PEDAGOGY ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3. STUDENTS’ PRIOR PREPARATION ............................................................................................. 4 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1. KNOW OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1. Science and Exploration .......................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2. Critical Threats to Safety ......................................................................................................... 5 2.2. UNDERSTAND OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1. Systems .................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.2. Concept Development ............................................................................................................. 6 2.3. BE ABLE TO OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................. 6 2.3.1. Design Methods ....................................................................................................................... 6 2.3.2. Design Framework .................................................................................................................. 7 3. STUDY GUIDES INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 9 3.1. SUGGESTED TEXTS FOR REQUIRED READING ....................................................................... 9 3.2. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................... 9 3.3. RESOURCES ................................................................................................................................... 10 4. KNOW STUDY GUIDES .......................................................................................................................... 11 4.1. SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION.................................................................................................... 11 4.1.1. Basic Solar System Astronomy Study Guide ........................................................................ 11 4.1.2. Space Exploration and Aerospace History Study Guide ....................................................... 12 4.2. CRITICAL THREATS TO SAFETY ............................................................................................... 15 4.2.1. Radiation Study Guide .......................................................................................................... 15 4.2.2. Microgravity Study Guide ..................................................................................................... 19 4.2.3. Safety Hazards Study Guide .................................................................................................. 22 5. UNDERSTAND STUDY GUIDES ........................................................................................................... 27 5.1. SYSTEMS ......................................................................................................................................... 27 5.1.1. Power Systems Study Guide ................................................................................................. 27 5.1.2. Mission Operations Study Guide .......................................................................................... 29 5.1.3. Structural Systems and Pneumatics Study Guide .................................................................. 30 5.1.4. Environmental Controls and Life Support Systems Study Guide ......................................... 33 5.1.5. Mobility Systems Study Guide .............................................................................................. 35 iii 5.2. CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................................... 38 5.2.1. Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Study Guide ........................................................................ 38 5.2.2. Site Conditions Study Guide ................................................................................................. 40 5.2.3. Basic Habitability Study Guide ............................................................................................. 42 6. BE ABLE TO STUDY GUIDES ............................................................................................................... 51 6.1. DESIGN METHODS ........................................................................................................................ 51 6.1.1. Architectural