PUBU SIfF.D s r T HE R HOD E ISLA;';D H ISTOR IC :\L SOC IE TY 52 1' 0 \\" [ 11. S T II. [[ T, 1 '1I.0\' 11>f. ~ CE 6 , R IiO Df. I S L A ~O C'A.'" '''' F.. SH, .." " . I'" ,id," , ~<T ",,, ...L \1. \'0" .1•., T" 4 ' ~ '" RHODE ISLAND Fo 'N~ L. Il , ,, ~,, ...y, J•., Su"'." ClIHORD P. \IoN,noN, D;"c/M CI.I'. "''''' t\. Co" 'N', JRD. l . iI,, ", ; . ~ Th, lI ~ od, 1,Ind 1/;,I" , i, 41 Sor;'" a""",,, "~ ",p".,ibi/ily 10, 'h, ,rar"n<.1r or Ih, OP;";D"' 01 <on ',ib ~r"". HISTORY ' SSU ED QUARTHRLr .41" PIW V1D E.VCE, flIIOJ) I-: I SI ,A!,'D \"(JL. 22 XO. I (Suond·daH prnt,,,.;c pa;d at Providn lU , Rh" d, ' ''and ) ISRAEL AI'\G EL L AI'\D T HE WEST l ~ 17881 TA/JLE OF C() .\'·/ r;.\'"!"S hy D W'GHT L. SMITH I' ." u ISR...n . A " ra:u. ,.." " TIl F- W t. ~ T I" 171lB Prof...sor of Histo ry, M iami Univnsity hy D wight L. SllIith I S RAEL A c-;(a:L1" a prominent Rhode Islander and a patriot of the T H~ EllWAR l> C...RII 1.' G TO... C O U.ECTIO" Ifi Ame rican Revolu tion, was interested in the opening of the \ \"est (the b y J acq ues M. Do,•.."s O hio country ) after th e wa r. A wa rtime situation helped to create a J a H" SM ITH , THE MII. LER . o s- P I< O V lll E ~ C ~: , RHODE Is L ,\"1O similar interest in many other veteran s and to present opportunit ies S OMF. 0 .' Ills D E s e J: " Il.\ ~ T S . by Cha rt... ~ \'iilliam Faillhalll whereby it co uld be fulfilled . (continw' d from Onah('r, 1 ~16 2 , y. 21, n n .~ , p. J:l"] An acute shortage of money an d an ab unda nce of unsettled land BOOK Rf:VI.'W . on the frontier made the offering of land bounty certificates in lieu of cash for enlistment an d sen'icc d uri ng the Revolution a ra ther EX IIIRITlO !'<S rornrnon practice. In gcneral the seaboard rclonv -statcs tha t had Nr.w s - i'\OTf.S trans-Appalachian ch arter-granted hnldin us surrende red them. They beca me th e common propnty of all of the sta les when the new L E CT Ull t:S United States go\"crnmcnt was created during the war under the Articles of Confe deration. The stipulation was made with these COVE R cessions that settlement would be en couraged in this vast public C OURT H m ,.!" " , BRI STOL, Ruour. ISI.., ,, n domain a nd that it would he nurtured and developed into new states /lu i/l ill 18 17, ti" Bri5tOJ Co u,t H ou", 0' S tal ' Houu , II.< il 1t'a. 01,0 I""'cd, on a basis of eq uality with the «rigin ul th irteen. UTL',d 0' one of t he five IIhode , . Iand cap ;tol b"ildi"J!' ""til / 854. ,.-hc" a" T he problem-hounded an d wobbly new nation had a heada che (I f ,,,,,,,,d,,,,nt to tht ronJI;t ution lim it'd ", u l ;ni< ' of t h, G cna,,1 A u " " bl)' to ..... c""port ond P, ot·id" ,a . B';5tol was th' )'ounJ!tJl of the fivc copilotJ. I I' fi" t rat her mean proportions rnu-ed hy th e squatter an d Indian-infcstcd Irgi.</"t ive u,,;on too k place in J785. western country that Britain had surrendered in th e pea,e tre aty hut was most reluctant 10 evacuate and turn over to th e Am erican s, It ( :{l U)RED I'()ST C.\ RDS (If JOII\" IIR()\\, \" I lC ll :SI:' became paramount for the g:mTrn mcnt to evolve some sort of a an "011' llI'ni/"blf. working arrangement for the orderl yopeni ng and developmen t of this J, T Il<' r-xn-rior " f J nhn Hro" n I ["USC J. Thr- dr;n' ; " ~ ron"l' IAcknowk dgrur nt is dll('" Th.. Rhodr h land lIi, torical Sorit'ty. far permission to ~ I ia m i "'J'hr .I,"eph Hnl\lll _e,retary (0 1. 17611 ) .1. T he ,I i lli".~ r OO Ill re produce and edit th... .- \ n!\,l'll journal. R.....areh grant' from Univ..rsity a nd the Am ... rk a n Philosophiea1 Sockty for research on the O h io Comp an y of ',. T Ill' Jo,IIIl lin ,\I II ,l."ri.. t "!;,, k ill ['h iL" kll'hi., ;" 1 7B ~ A "o ~ i at l"5 h"Vl' [,lTn of matnial aid fa r this projrn. T ill' maps ""rfl· prq,afl'd by PRIL l': J ohn L. B,·dforu with the advice of D r. J ohn L. T hom pson, Vcpartment of T I... ,l'r"f lin· ... .":;,· 1,, <l i,·id ll..I, .u-d-; . Geography, Miami l:ni"'nity, an d ""ith the aid a f ~l i s . j a ",· t L. j a nes. 2 /Jrad .-l ll.l:dl and the Il"nt ;1l JiBB [January 1963 ] 3 new national dom ain if it {'X lx'fled 10 hold on to it. The pattt'm for O h io ccunnv to look things over. l\ ngd l was horn All g- lI ~ t 13, 1740, the I'urn"y and salt' of the land was establis hed in the Ordinance of Old St vle (.\ ugust 2,l, Xew Style ). a grcat-g:reat-g r;ndsoll of ant' 1785. "' workable Amer ican colonial policy, whereby states cou ld Thomas An.l::l'Il who was with Roger Williams on his fligh t whic h C"OIH', was set forth in the Ordinance IIf J787 . marked the founding- of Providence. b rad was a Iarm lad who was Relevant to all of this was the fact th at various schemes were pro­ trained bv his fath~~ in the use of the blacksmith. carpenter, and posed amongst the sold iers and officer; towards the close of the war to m oper's tool" and tutored by hi- ('X.......-hooltcar-her mother. He took JXlOI their bounty cr-rtificntcs for the purchase of sizable chu nks of service in the local militia -eriou-lv and soon became an officer, T hen land 10 promote settle men t somewhere in the tvest. Prominent among he was chosen as a field officer in the nlUnty regiment. these was the Iormalizaricn of an idea of alm ost three hundred offi{'crs \\'h en the Revolution broke out , Rhode " land rai-cd an "o rmv of in the Newb urgh Petition of 17B3 to Con.c:rcss. A spec ific req uest was observation." An,l::dl w;t" commi-c-iunrd a major and was soon pa r­ made for a n a rt-a in prescllt sout heas tern Ohio. ticipating: ill rhe ~icg:e of Bo"ton. In another n'g-inwnt he was moved Some of the pr ime movers and lobbyists of the petition became tip to a lieurenant-colonelcv and when the colonel died he was raised involved in the land sun:ey conducted tinder provisions of the Ordi­ to that rank and .g-ivcn command. H i.. regimental colors flt-w at such na nce of I i8S. Rcconnaiss,ancc of the area and com pa ring notes with plan'" as Bra nd ywine. Red Ban k. Valley Forge. ~I on mo \l t h . and others soon increased their enthusiasm. In january and Febru ary of Springfield ..\ ftc'r retiring from military life he returned to j ohnston to 1786 notices appeared in Xt·w Englan d newspapers explaining the his farm and ("(M'IK'rage hu-inesx,Tin......-. the StJ("it·ty of the Cincinnati. idea and req ueviug intcre-red persons to atte nd a meetin g. O n the militia. a ju-tio- of th e pc'are po sition , and (·i\·ic du ties kept him M arch I, 1786. the now Famous meeting at the Hunch of Grapes ac tive. He a1.;0 found tinu- to make journeys to Ph iladel ph ia. upst ate T avern in Boston resulted in the establishment of th e Ohio Company Xc w York. Xlar icua, ami other plan'" to visit friends. (If to chec k on of Ass ociates. Sub.....-q ucnt Il1 c'c· tin,'r' - Rice's T avern in Providence proposed ventures in 11('\\ .....-uh-mcnt... in ....rm- of which he i n ,' e ~ t cd : It was also a principal meeting: pla ce of the officials - an d a contrac t is said that in the vear of his death. 18:'2. he had been contt'mplatmg from Congress set things in motion. In the spring of 1788 a new' marriage hi.. ninctv-v-cond y('a r and what would have been his settlement called Adelphi. late r known as M arietta, was established fourth h ife !!3 on the O hio River at the mou th of th e M uskingum River. It was In ea rl" J \ u g u ~ t of 17R8 .-\ngd l [ourneved hy horseback from his located on the east side of the ~lu ~ki n gllm opposite Fort Hannar on home in j ohll..toll.