Phylogeny of angiosperms Angiosperm “Basal angiosperm” AmborellaNymphaealesAustrobaileyalesMagnoliidss Monocots Eudicots Parallel venation scattered vascular bundles 1 cotyledon Tricolpate pollen Magnoliids is a monophyletic group including Magnoliaceae, Lauraceae, Piperaceae and several other families After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19369-19374 Magnoliaceae (Magnolia family) Textbook DVD KRR Magnolia X soulangeana; Magnoliaceae (Magnolia family) Textbook DVD WSJ Textbook DVD KRR Magnolia grandiflora; Magnolia macrophylla; Note leaf simple, entire, pinnate venation, numerous tepals, numerous stamens and carples. Textbook DVD KRR Magnolia sieboldii; Magnoliaceae (Magnolia family) Textbook DVD KMN Textbook DVD SMK-KRR Magnolia figo; Magnolia grandiflora; Note the elongated receptacle, Note the aggregate of follicles, and laminar stamens and red fleshy seed coat Magnoliaceae (Magnolia family) Photo: Yaowu Yuan Photo: Yaowu Yuan Liriodendron tulipifera; Note the elongated receptacle, and laminar stamens Magnoliaceae (Magnolia family) Note the lobed, T-shirt-like leaf, and pinnate venation Note the aggregate of samara Magnoliaceae (Magnolia family) Magnoliaceae - 2 genera/220 species. Trees or shrubs; Ethereal oils (aromatic terpenoids) - (remember the smell of bay leaves?); Leaves alternate, simple (Magnolia) or lobed (Liriodendron), entire; Flowers large and showy, actinomorphic, bisexual Tepals 6-numerous, stamens and carpels numerous, Spirally arranged on an elongated receptacle, Laminar stamens poorly differentiated into anther and filament. Fruit usually an aggregate of follicle (Magnolia) or samara (Liriodendron); follicle: 1-carpellate fruit that dehisces on the side samara: 1-carpellate winged, indehiscent fruit Phylogeny of Eudicots (or Tricolpates) Eudicots (or Tricolpates) “Basal eudicots” Asterids Buxales Rosids Caryophyllales RanunculalesProteales Ranunculales is a monophyletic group including Ranunculaceae, Berberidaceae, Papaveraceae, and 4 other families. After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19369-19374 Ranunculaceae (Buttercup family) Photo: Yaowu Yuan Photo: Yaowu Yuan Photo: Yaowu Yuan Photo: Yaowu Yuan Ranunculaceae (Buttercup family) Ranunculaceae - 47 genera/2000 species. Usually Herbs, some vines (Clematis) or shrubs; Leaves highly variable, but usually no stipules; Flowers usually bisexual, actinomorphic to occasionally zygomorphic; Perianth parts in distinct whorls of 5 when differentiated or tepals 4-numerous when undifferentiated. Stamens numerous; Carpels usually 5-numerous, occasionally reduced to 1. Ovary superior; Fruit usually an aggregate of follicle or achenes, occasionally a berry; achene: 1-carpellate indehiscent fruit, single seeded. berry: 1-more-carpellate, fleshy fruit with many seeds. Papaveraceae s.s. (Poppy family) Papaver orientalis Textbook DVD DLN Papaveraceae s.s. (Poppy family) Argemone albiflora; Note the yellow sap Textbook DVD WSJ Argemone sp.; Note the dissected leaves, and numerous stamens Photo: Yaowu Yuan Papaveraceae s.s. (Poppy family) Textbook DVD CSC Photo: Yaowu Yuan Poricidal capsule Photo: Yaowu Yuan Eschscholzia californica; Note the 4 petals with numerous stamens, and 2 deciduous sepals Textbook DVD KRR Arillate seeds Papaveraceae s.s. (Poppy family) Papaveraceae s.s. - 23 genera/240 species. Mostly Herbs; Stems with laticifers (cells producing latex), producing white, cream, yellow, orange, or red sap; the sap with various alkaloids including opium, morphine, heroin, codeine. Leaves often lobed or dissected; Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic sepals usually 2, often quickly deciduous; petals ususally 4 (-6 or occasionally numerous) Stamens numerous; Carpels 2-numerous, connate, ovary superior. Fruit a capsule, often poricidal or explosive dehiscence (Eschscholzia); seeds arillate - the arils (an outgrowth of the seed) are hard and oily (ant dispersal), or flshey and brightly colored (bird dispersal)..