MANUAL FOR RABIES CONTROL AND BITE MANAGEMENT DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 3 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 4 Rabies in Arizona - Epidemiology .................................................................................................... 4 Rabies in the United States ............................................................................................................. 4 BIOLOGY OF RABIES ............................................................................................................................. 5 Characteristics ................................................................................................................................ 5 Transmission ................................................................................................................................... 5 Pathogenesis ................................................................................................................................... 5 Incubation Period and Duration of Disease in Dogs and Cats* ........................................................ 5 Prevention ...................................................................................................................................... 6 CLINICAL SIGNS OF RABIES IN ANIMALS .............................................................................................. 6 Other Diseases or Conditions Which May Resemble Rabies ............................................................ 6 RABIES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS ........................................................................................................... 6 Recommended Dog and Cat Rabies Vaccine Schedule ..................................................................... 6 Assessing Current Vaccination Status .............................................................................................. 7 Quarantine/Observation of Dogs and Cats that Have Bitten or Exposed a Person ............................... 7 Protocol for Dogs and Cats that Have Been Exposed to a Potentially Rabid Animal ........................ 8 RABIES IN FERRETS .............................................................................................................................. 9 RABIES IN LIVESTOCK ......................................................................................................................... 10 RABIES IN RODENTS .......................................................................................................................... 11 RABIES IN EXOTIC ANIMALS ............................................................................................................... 11 Reptiles, amphibians, birds, and fish ............................................................................................. 11 RABIES IN WILDLIFE ........................................................................................................................... 12 Bats, Skunks, Foxes, Coyote, Bobcats, Ringtails, Raccoons, Coatis ................................................. 12 Bats ............................................................................................................................................... 13 Skunks .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Foxes ............................................................................................................................................ 13 Raccoons ....................................................................................................................................... 14 Coatimundi (Coatis) ...................................................................................................................... 14 Coyote .......................................................................................................................................... 14 Bobcat .......................................................................................................................................... 14 Ringtail ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Javelina ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Douglas A. Ducey | Governor Cara M. Christ, MD, MS | Director 150 North 18th Avenue, Suite 500, Phoenix, AZ 85007-3247 P | 602-542-1025 F | 602-542-1062 W | azhealth.gov Health and Wellness for all Arizonans Wild rodents and rabbits .............................................................................................................. 14 Other wild animals ........................................................................................................................ 14 ORAL WILDLIFE RABIES VACCINES ..................................................................................................... 15 DETERMINING HUMAN EXPOSURE .................................................................................................... 15 Exposure ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Not an Exposure............................................................................................................................ 15 Bat exposures ............................................................................................................................... 15 DETERMINING PET EXPOSURE ........................................................................................................... 15 HUMAN RABIES VACCINES & IMMUNOGLOBULIN ............................................................................. 16 Human Pre-Exposure Immunization .............................................................................................. 16 Travelers to Foreign Countries That Have Endemic Dog Rabies ..................................................... 16 Human Post-Exposure Management ............................................................................................. 16 Local Treatment of Wounds .......................................................................................................... 17 Post-Exposure Immunization ........................................................................................................ 17 HUMAN EXPOSURE RISK REDUCTION ................................................................................................ 17 HUMANE EUTHANASIA OF MAMMALS .............................................................................................. 19 GUIDELINES FOR THE SUBMISSION OF SPECIMENS FOR RABIES TESTING .......................................... 20 Removal of Animal Heads ............................................................................................................. 20 Refrigeration versus freezing head ................................................................................................ 21 Supplies ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Procedure ..................................................................................................................................... 21 Clean up ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Specimen Submission & Shipping .................................................................................................. 22 Laboratory Submission Form ............................................................................................................. 22 Legislation ......................................................................................................................................... 22 Arizona Administrative Code ............................................................................................................. 22 Animal Exposure Report Forms ......................................................................................................... 23 Rabies Risk Assessment Algorithms ................................................................................................... 23 Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Vaccination Reporting Form .................................................................... 23 List of laboratories that perform (RFFIT) (human titer check) testing Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test 23 List of alternative labs for Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) testing for rabies in animals ............... 23 References: 1. Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control, 2016 2. Human Rabies Prevention- United States, 2008; Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Douglas A. Ducey | Governor Cara M. Christ, MD, MS | Director 150 North 18th Avenue, Suite 150, Phoenix, AZ 85007-3247 P | 602-364-3676 F | 602-364-3199 W | azhealth.gov Health and Wellness for all Arizonans DEFINITIONS Confirmed Rabies Case: An animal which has tested positive for the rabies virus