MODULAR MOSAIC SMALL-ARMS-CONTROL 05.60 IMPLEMENTATION COMPENDIUM Version 1.0 2012-08-27 Border controls and law enforcement cooperation Reference number MOSAIC 05.60:2012(E)V1.0 © United Nations 2018 MOSAIC 05.60:2012(E)V1.0 This document may not be up to date. Latest versions of all MOSAIC modules are available on www.un.org/disarmament/salw ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document — one in a series, comprising the Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC) — was produced by the United Nations in collaboration with a broad and diverse group of experts drawn from governments, international and regional organizations, civil society and the private sector. A full list of contributors to the MOSAIC project is available on our website. The production of MOSAIC was made possible by the financial support of the governments of Australia, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Norway and Switzerland, as well as by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED). © United Nations 2018 All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced for non-profit educational and training purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided that the source is acknowledged. The United Nations would appreciate receiving an electronic copy of any publication that uses this document as a source ([email protected]). This document is not to be sold. ii © United Nations 2018 – All rights reserved MOSAIC 05.60:2012(E)V1.0 Contents Page Foreword ................................................................................................................................................ v Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... vi 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................ 1 2 Normative references ................................................................................................................. 1 3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................. 2 4 United Nations framework .......................................................................................................... 2 4.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... 2 4.2 UN Programme of Action .............................................................................................................. 3 4.3 Firearms Protocol .......................................................................................................................... 3 5 INTERPOL resources .................................................................................................................. 3 5.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... 3 5.2 Secure, global police communications services ........................................................................... 3 5.3 Crime databases ........................................................................................................................... 3 6 World Customs Organization resources .................................................................................. 5 6.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... 5 6.2 WCO recommendations on firearms ............................................................................................. 5 6.3 Customs Enforcement Network (CEN) ......................................................................................... 5 6.4 Regional Intelligence Liaison Offices (RILOs) .............................................................................. 6 7 Border management in different contexts ................................................................................ 6 7.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... 6 7.2 Security sector reform context ...................................................................................................... 7 7.3 Short-to-medium-term limited institutional and operational approach .......................................... 7 7.4 Integrated Border Management framework .................................................................................. 8 8 Border assessment ..................................................................................................................... 8 8.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... 8 8.2 Situation at border crossing points ................................................................................................ 9 8.3 Situation between border crossing points ................................................................................... 10 8.4 Inventory and evaluation of border control agencies .................................................................. 10 8.5 Effectiveness of existing border controls .................................................................................... 11 8.6 Needs assessment ...................................................................................................................... 11 9 Border controls ......................................................................................................................... 12 9.1 Risk Assessment and targeted controls ...................................................................................... 12 9.2 Customs ...................................................................................................................................... 13 9.3 Border guards .............................................................................................................................. 16 9.4 Civil aviation authorities .............................................................................................................. 16 9.5 Maritime authorities ..................................................................................................................... 17 9.6 Immigration authorities ................................................................................................................ 19 9.7 Intelligence services .................................................................................................................... 19 10 Law enforcement cooperation ................................................................................................. 20 10.1 Review and assessment ............................................................................................................. 20 10.2 Working-level cooperation ........................................................................................................... 20 10.3 National and international databases .......................................................................................... 21 10.4 Inter-agency cooperation within countries .................................................................................. 21 10.5 Cross-border cooperation ........................................................................................................... 22 © United Nations 2018 – All rights reserved iii MOSAIC 05.60:2012(E)V1.0 11 Integrated border management ............................................................................................... 24 11.1 General ........................................................................................................................................ 24 11.2 Political support ........................................................................................................................... 24 11.3 Delineation of responsibilities ...................................................................................................... 24 11.4 Domestic integration ................................................................................................................... 25 11.5 International integration ............................................................................................................... 26 11.6 Monitoring and evaluation ........................................................................................................... 27 12 Training and technical assistance ........................................................................................... 28 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................... 29 iv © United Nations 2018 – All rights reserved MOSAIC 05.60:2012(E)V1.0 Foreword What is MOSAIC? MOSAIC translates into practice the objectives of key global agreements aiming to prevent the illicit trade, destabilizing accumulation and misuse of small arms and light weapons, including: • the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons • the International Tracing Instrument • the Firearms Protocol