Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan, Vol. 26, No. 2, October 2020, 129-139 ISSN: 0854-4735, accredited by KEMENRISTEKDIKTI, Decree No: 51/E/KPT/2019 DOI: 10.21831/jptk.v26i2.33144 129 [3] J. M. Sumilat, F. R. Seke, and J. Pembelajaran di Jurusan Pendidikan POLICY SHIFT TO REDUCE UNEMPLOYMENT Mantiri, “Simulation Method in Teknik Mesin FT UNY,” J. Pendidik. OF VOCATIONAL SECONDARY SCHOOL GRADUATES IN Programmable Logic Controller,” J. Teknol. dan Kejuru., vol. 19, no. 2, INDONESIA (A NATIONAL STUDY) Educ. Method Technol., vol. 1, no. 2, 2010. pp. 67–76, 2018. [10] B. G. Purnomo and T. Sukardi, Eric Ohara1, Slamet Prawiro Harto2, and Rita Fransina Maruanaya3 [4] A. Septian MN, “Penerapan Trainer “Integration of Project-Based 1Universitas Pembangunan National, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 2Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Human Machine Interface (HMI) Entrepreneurship and Productive 3Institute of Vocational Education and Vocational Didactics, TU Dresden, Germany Berbasis CX-Designer Sebagai Media Practical Learning in Vocational High Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Pembelajaran Programmable Logic Schools,” J. Pendidik. Teknol. dan ABSTRACT Controller (PLC),” J. Inform. Univ. Kejuru., vol. 25, no. 1, 2019. Pamulang, vol. 3, no. 4, 2018. [11] R. M. Branchs, Multimedia Based One of the enduring issues and problems in Indonesia is the link and match between vocational [5] A. M. Mappalotteng, H. Nur, and F. Instructional Design. USA: John Wiley secondary schools and the world of work in terms of quantity, quality, location, and time. This research Kanan, “The Development of & Sonc, Inc, 2004. focuses on the first issue i.e. quantity of vocational secondary school graduates in terms of supply and Programmable Logic Controller [12] R. M. Branch, Instructional Design: demand. The objective of this research was to explore the proportion of general secondary and vocational secondary school students, to find out the unemployment rate of both school types, and to identify policy Tutorial in the Form of Industrial- The ADDIE Approach. Boston, MA: alternatives to reduce the unemployment rate of vocational secondary school graduates. To achieve the Based Learning Materials in Springer US, 2009. objective, a quantitative descriptive research method was adopted. The research found that the national Vocational High Schools,” Res. Inven. [13] T. P. Budi, SPSS 13.0 Terapan: Riset average proportion of students from general secondary schools and vocational secondary schools was Int. J. Emgineering Sci., vol. 5, no. 5, Statistik Parametrik. Yogyakarta: Andi 62.92%:37.08% in 2016 and 63.39%:36.61% in 2019. The national average unemployment rate of both school graduates was 8.72% and 11.11%% respectively in 2016, and 7.92% and 10.42% respectively in pp. 49–58, 2015. Offset, 2006. 2019. Thus, the unemployment rate of vocational secondary school graduates was higher than those of [6] F. Pinnekamp, “Product Automation,” [14] S. Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian: general secondary school graduates. In Java Island, however, where the population is about 40% of the in Springer Handbook of Automation, Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Indonesian total population, the percentage of vocational secondary students increases significantly from Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2009, pp. Rineka Cipta, 2013. 44.34%:55.66% in 2016 to 39.91%:60.09% in 2019. For this reason, a new policy is needed to reduce the unemployment rate of vocational secondary school graduates in the form of a moratorium for vocational 545–558. [15] S. Thiagarajan, Instructional secondary school expansion, particularly in Java Island. If for some reason, there is a need to build new [7] M. Ioannides, “Design and Development for Training Teachers of vocational secondary schools in a certain area, it must be based on demand-driven guided by labor market Implementation of PLC-based Exceptional Children. Washington DC: signals. More comprehensively, a policy shift is required to reduce the unemployment of graduates from Monitoring Control System for National Center for Improvement secondary vocational schools. Induction Motor,” IEEE Trans. Energy Educational System, 1974. Keywords: proportion of general and vocational school students, policy shift, unemployment rate Convers., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 7–14, 2004. [16] Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian dan [8] H. Zamtinah, “Peningkatan Hasil Pengembangan Research and INTRODUCTION supply and demand of labor, and the last three Belajar Mata Kuliah Instalasi Listrik Development. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2016. issues will be researched later. Melalui Pendekatan Learning Cycle [17] Sugiyono, Statistika Untuk Penelitian. The enduring issues and problems of The Indonesian Ministry of Education Five ‘E’ (LC 5 E),” J. Pendidik. Teknol. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2006. vocational education in Indonesia are link and Culture (MOEC) embarked major policy dan Kejuru., vol. 22, no. 2, 2014. [18] F. N. D. Fatimah, Teknik Analisis and match between vocational education and decision on the proportion of general [9] Tiwan, “Penerapan Modul SWOT. Jakarta: Quadrant, 2016. the world of work in terms of quantity (how secondary school and vocational secondary Pembelajaran Bahan Teknik sebagai many graduates are needed by the world of school students from 70%:30% in 2007 to be Upaya Peningkatan Proses work), quality (what competencies and reversed to 30%:70% by 2015, respectively, capabilities required by the world of work, with the assumption that manpower demands location (where vocational schools should be of Indonesian growing economy require more offered and what types), and time (when middle workers graduating from secondary graduates are needed by the workplace). This vocational schools than from general research focuses only on the first issue i.e. the secondary schools. Consequently, the number of vocational school graduates Indonesian Government had to build more required by the world of work in terms of vocational secondary schools than general Received July 22, 2020; Revised August 5, 2020; Accepted September 20, 2020 130 Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan,Vol. 26, No. 2, October 2020 secondary schools, with the expectation that vocational education and the world of work link and match between vocational education to contribute to a smooth transition of and the world of work will be strengthened, vocational secondary school graduates from and graduates from vocational secondary school to work. Link and match is a policy schools will be absorbed by the world of decision, it is not a program implementing the work. Thus, the supply of labor from policy. The link means having strong vocational schools was supposed to be collaboration between vocational education aligned with the demand for labor from the and the world of work and match means world of work in terms of quantity. With this having accurate requirements that stem from policy decision, it was expected that there the world of work in terms of quantity, would be an efficient and smooth transition quality, location, and time [1]. The policy from school to work. Vocational schools are decision of link and match was introduced by therefore supposed to be able to contribute to MOEC in 1993, drawn by researchers. It is Indonesian growing economy development presented in Figure 1 and Figure 2. with the principles of economic (spending less), efficiency (spending well), and effectiveness (spending wisely). This policy decision poses three Vocational The World questions: (1) what is the proportion of Education of Work general and vocational secondary school students 2016-2019?; (2) what is the average unemployment rate of general and vocational Degree of Link & secondary school graduates or whether Match graduates from secondary vocational schools Figure 1. The Degree of Link and Match between are mostly absorbed by the workplaces i.e. Vocational Education and the World of Work employed or unemployed since the policy of expanding secondary vocational schools was Vocational Link and The World of Education Match Work (Demand) only based on assumption?; and (3) what (Supply) policy shift is required to reduce unemployment rate of graduates from vocational secondary schools? Thus, the Quantity The World of objectives of this research were three folds, to Vocational Quality Work Education Location Formal, explore proportion of general and vocational Time Informal, secondary school students, to find out the Public, Private unemployment rate of both school types, and Figure 2. Link and Match between Vocational to explore policy shifts to reduce Education and the World of Work in Terms of unemployment rate of graduates from Quantity, Quality, Location, and Time vocational secondary schools. Efforts to develop vocational education The policy decision of link and match based on demand-driven by the world of was then legalized by formal collaborated work in terms of quantity, quality, location, joint Decree Number 0217/U/1994 between and time have been designed, structured, the Ministry of Education and Culture and executed, and intensified since 1993 by Chamber of Commerce and Industry. This strengthening link and match between joint Decree was then used as a basis for Ohara et al., Policy Shift to Reduce Unemployment of Vocational School Graduates in Indonesia (A National Study) 131 secondary schools, with the expectation that vocational education and the world of work forming the National Task Force in 1995, Commenting briefly on Table 1, the link and match between vocational education to contribute to