Intended for Sellar Design and Development Ltd Project no. 61030050 Date 27 September 2012 CANADA WATER SITES C AND E ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK- BASED ASSESSMENT CANADA WATER SITES C AND E ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT Revision History Revision Date Purpose / Status Document Ref. Comments 1.1.1. - 1.1.2. 27/09/121.1.3. Draft for comment 61030050/ENV/R01 1.1.4. 1.1.5. 1.1.6. 1.1.7. 1.1.8. 1.1.9. Prepared By Reviewed By Approved By Jacek Gruszczynski Melissa Conway Philip Emery Name Name Name Archaeologist Senior Archaeologist Associate Cultural Heritage & Archaeology Ramboll 60 Newman Street London W1T 3DA United Kingdom tel +44 (0)20 7631 5291 fax +44 (0)20 7323 4645 [email protected] CANADA WATER SITES C AND E ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 2. DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ......................................................................................... 2 3. PLANNING BACKGROUND ............................................................................................ 4 4. SITE LOCATION, TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY .............................................................. 8 5. METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 9 6. BASELINE ................................................................................................................ 12 7. SITE HISTORY INCLUDING MAP REGRESSION ............................................................. 14 8. STATEMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL ............................................................ 26 9. STATEMENT OF DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS..................................................................... 28 10. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MANAGING ARCHAEOLOGICAL RISK AND ENHANCING THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................... 29 11. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 31 TABLES Table 1: Scale of asset significance Table 2: Broad Assessment of Archaeological Potential FIGURES Figure 1: Site location Figure 2: Proposed buildings Figure 3: Previous geo-archaeological investigations Figure 4: Designations Figure 5: GLHER Events Figure 6: GLHER Prehistoric data entries Figure 7: GLHER Roman, early medieval and medieval data entries Figure 8: A detail from Moore’s A prospect and Map of London, 1662 Figure 9: Rocque’s map of 1746 Figure 10: Proposed new docks, end of the 18th century Figure 11a: Stockdale’s map of 1807 Figure 11b: Faden’s map of 1815 Figure 12: Horwood’s map of 1819 Figure 13a: A detail from Crutchley’s map of 1828 Figure 13b: A detail from Kelly’s Post Office Directory, 1857 CANADA WATER SITES C AND E ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT Figure 13c: Wyld’s map of 1849 Figure 13d: Plan of the proposed docks at Great Surrey Canal Company, 1854 Figure 14: Plan of the Surrey Commercial Docks by Crockett, 1867 Figure 15: Plan of the Surrey Commercial Docks by McConnochie, 1881 Figure 16: Plan of the Surrey Commercial Docks by Gaskell, 1902 Figure 17: Plan of the Surrey Commercial Docks by Crockett, 1923 Figure 18: Plan of the Surrey Commercial Docks by Port of London Authority, 1961 Figure 19: Potential survival of archaeological remains (prehistoric to medieval) Figure 20: Surrey Docks 1867-1894 Figure 21: Surrey Docks 1902-1961 PLATES Plate 1: Great Howland Wet Dock in 1763 Plate 2: Bridge over canal connecting Albion and Canada Docks during construction, 1875 Plate 3: Canada Dock under construction, 1875 Plate 4: Canada Dock under construction, 1875 Plate 5: Dry dock photographed in 1975 Plate 6: 1930s aerial photograph of the Surrey Docks, looking northeast Plate 7: Surrey Commercial Docks on fire after bombing on 6-7 September 1940 Plate 8: Burning timber stacks at Surrey Commercial Docks after bombing on 6-7 September 1940 Plate 9: 1944 aerial coverage Plate 10: 1955 aerial view of Surrey Docks, looking west-northwest Plate 11: Infilling of Canada Dock, 1978 Plate 12: December 1980 aerial photo looking north-northwest over the Rotherhithe peninsula APPENDICES Appendix 1: Walkover survey Appendix 2: Gazetteer of designated heritage assets within the Study Area Appendix 3: Gazetteer of Greater London Historic Environment Record Monuments Appendix 4: Gazetteer of Greater London Historic Environment Record Events Appendix 5: Cartographic sources CANADA WATER SITES C AND E ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT 1. INTRODUCTION This document is an Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment (DBA) prepared for inclusion in a forthcoming application for planning consent (hereafter ‘the Application’) for development at Canada Water, London, hereafter the ‘Application Site’ (Fig. 1). It has been prepared by Ramboll for Sellar Design and Development Ltd (hereafter ‘the Client’). The Application Site comprises two sites referred to in the Canada Water Area Action Plan as: • Site C, comprising two large retail sheds and associated surface car parking currently occupied by Decathlon; and • Site E, comprising a retail shed and surface car parking currently occupied by What?. The document is intended to articulate the archaeological potential (or significance) of the site, identify potential impacts and propose any relevant archaeological mitigation strategies. The DBA thus provides information from which the planning authority and its advisors may reach a reasoned decision on the archaeological implications of the application. A review of the available data examined during the production of this document indicated that the Application Site does not contain any Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks and Gardens, Battlefields or Listed Buildings. It is also located outside any Conservation Areas, Archaeological Priority Zones and the Thames Policy Area, as defined by London Borough of Southwark. This report has been prepared for the benefit of Sellar Design and Development Ltd and shall not be relied upon by any other party unless that party has been granted a contractual right to rely on this report for the purpose for which it has been prepared. The findings and opinions in the report are based upon information derived from a variety of information sources which Ramboll believe to be reliable. This report has been prepared on the basis of the proposed end land-use defined by the client. If this proposed end land-use is changed it will be necessary to review the findings of this report. It should be noted that some of the aspects considered in this study are subject to change with time. If, therefore, the development is delayed or postponed for a significant period it should be reviewed to confirm that no changes have taken place, either at the site or within relevant legislation. 1 CANADA WATER SITES C AND E ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT 2. DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS The client and the appointed design team in consultation with the local community, local groups and other interested parties have prepared proposals for development at Canada Water, London. The proposals comprise five mixed-use buildings set around, and placed within, a new publicly accessible landscape. Key components of these proposals are: • Up to 1,000 new homes; • A new flagship Decathlon store to replace the existing store; • High quality retail stores, including a new neighbourhood foodstore; • Waterside restaurants and cafes; • Community sports facilities, including a tennis court; • A significant new public green space at the heart of the development, new children’s play spaces, tree planting and greening of the public realm; and • Improved access and safety to Canada Water and the Albion Channel. It is considered that the proposed development will go a significant way to realising the Council’s aspirations to transform Canada Water into a town centre and create a new destination around the Canada Water Basin. Currently five buildings, C1, C2, C3, C4 and E1 are proposed (Fig. 2). C1 comprises the first phase of the development and contains the new replacement Decathlon store, residential and basement parking and servicing. C2, C3 and C4 comprise the second phase of development and comprises active ground floor retail uses, residential and basement parking. Building E1 forms the final phase of development and comprises a mix of commercial, retail and leisure uses at ground floor and residential above. The design concept centres around a large new public space that addresses the Canada Water basin and is strongly defined on both its sides by new buildings C1 and E1, the existing Surrey Quays shopping centre and potential future buildings on the redeveloped Harmsworth Quay’s site. The buildings within the square itself consist of three freestanding objects, active on all fronts; an elevated linear building with horizontal façade (Building C2), a rectilinear tower with proportioned façade along Surrey Quays Road (Building C3) and a vertical tower with filigree façade (Building C4). The layout of these buildings embraces the waterfront location and allows views from Surrey Quays Road and Site E to the basin. Building E1 is conceived as a perimeter block defining the edge of the square and surrounding streets. The approach to Building E1 ensures that the future location of the block is flexible to enable the potential for a future east west green connection from the Basin to Russia Dock Woodland and north-south green connection to Greenland Dock. The buildings