第 30 卷 第 23 期 农 业 工 程 学 报 Vol.30 No.23 232 2014 年 12月 Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Dec. 2014 Research and design of technology for tracking and positioning wild stocking animals Lei Hongzhou, Yang Lu※ (College of Information and Electrical Engineering of China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China) Abstract: Wild stocking animals become a trend as the animals activate a lot and their meat are delicious. But the stocking animals are often lost which leads to increase cost in farming. Therefore, it is very important to research on positioning technology, which is essential for wild stocking animal management. Although the mature satellite positioning technology - GPS, Compass, Wi-Fi positioning (cell network, WLAN and wireless sensor network-assisted positioning system) and wildlife radio-tracking technology can be applied in positioning, but it is extremely difficult to track the wild stocking animals because of the complex geographical environment the animals active, the affordability of farmers and other affecting factors. Combined with GPS positioning and wireless mobile cell network positioning technology, this study researches on the positioning technology of pseudo-cellular wireless mobile network for locating and tracking wild animals. Pseudo-cellular base station location, PCBSL for short, is a mobile communications network based on the principle of a positioning radiolocation and tracking technology, different from wireless mobile communications cellular network positioning, which is a direct application of mobile communication network positioning technology. In the technology of mobile communication, to determine the location of a mobile terminal in the network, it is calculated by the relative position of the device with the different base stations. The position of mobile terminals is determined through base station. The base station divided the whole communication area into many individual cells, the diameter of each cell ranged from tens of meters to thousands of meters mobie terminals actually get online through one of these cells, and then transfer data (voice, text, or multimedia data) via internet. Therefore, when a mobile terminal communicates in the internet, it is always connected to one of the cells, so the position of the mobile terminal can be determined by which cell it connected to the base station. Pseudo wireless mobile cellular network is similar in principle to build the base station network with base station as the core. The whole system consists of base station and mobile beacon and the composition is much simpler than mobile communication network. In PCBSL system, the main function of BS is to position RB and data forwarding. RB is a mobile device carried by livestock which could emit positioning signals. There are two kinds of PCBSL positioning: Single base station location which relies on a single base station, and Multi- station location, which uses multiple base stations to cooperate. The former achieves coarse positioning of beacons, of which the algorithm is similar to the TOA / TDOA algorithm of GSM. The latter can achieve relatively accurate positioning of beacons, of which there are AHLos algorithm, RADAR algorithm, the centroid algorithm, DV-HOP algorithm, APIT algorithm, MAP algorithm and so on, or the improved algorithms of them. When precise geographic information is needed, then GPS or Beidou system is invoked to provide more accurate location data. In order to adapt to the complex geographical environment, using functions like intelligent power management and remote device settings to control continuous work of devices, which reduces the complexity and high cost from simple GPS and meets the positioning demand of wild livestock stocking. Key words: PS; wireless networks; location; wild grazing; fake cellular base stations; single base station; multi-base station doi：10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.23.029 CLC number: s24 Document code: A Article ID: 1002-6819(2014)-23-0232-06 Lei Hongzhou, Lu Yang. Research and design of technology for tracking and positioning wild stocking animals[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2014, 30(23): 232－237. (in English with Chinese abstract) 雷宏洲，杨 璐. 野外放养牲畜跟踪与定位技术的探索和设计[J]. 农业工程学报，2014，30(23)：232－237. scope of activities of the domestic animals and control 0 Introduction the geographical location of the feeding area in order Using the wild stock-based feed method for to manage the herds more effectively to prevent the domestic animals, the farmers need to understand the loss of animals. Meanwhile farmers can also obtain the food ingredients from the composition of the plant species in the feeding area to determine if the natural Received date：2014-11-26 Revised date：2014-12-19- Foundation item：National Science and technology support item 2014BAD04B05, grassland is available to supply the nutrients needed 2013BAD19B09 for life, growth, development, multiplication and so Biography：Lei Hongzhou, Associate Professor, China Agricultural University. on. Therefore, it is extremely important to be timely Beijing College of Information and Electrical Engineering of China informed of the locations of domestic animals for the Agricultural University, 100083, China. Email: [email protected] ※Corresponding author：Yang Lu，Beijing College of Information and feeding and management of domestic animals. Electrical Engineering of China Agricultural University, 100083. If see from a technical perspective, we usually Email: [email protected] choose the Global Positioning System (GPS) technology 第 23 期 雷宏洲等：野外放养牲畜跟踪与定位技术的探索和设计 233 to locate the position of the domestic animals in the stocking the activities of the herd to some extent, field, or other techniques, such as BeiDou Navigation getting the position at real-time or regularly, it can not Satellite System(BDS), mobile wireless networks, RF only reduce labor intensity of grazing member and positioning. However, in the actual environment, farmers, but also reduce the economic losses as much considering the geographical environment of grazing as possible. Even if it is lost, the device can provide a area, weather conditions, farmers’ affordability and trace that will help to promote the possibility of found. cost factors, the existing positioning products are The demand for the location of domestic animals is difficult to meet the demand. Because the stocking mainly from this form, or similar stocking way. fields are often in mountains or forested areas, where Either form is inevitably affected by the geographical environment is complex, it is often ecological environment conditions, geography, the blocked or interfered with radio or electromagnetic climate of the season, the level of economic waves. Moreover, livestock sometimes exceed the development and scientific and cultural quality of fixed grazing area, which makes the location more producers in the distribution area for domestic animals, difficult. But at present, there is no positioning the demand of domestic animal breeders for equipment and technology related to livestock positioning equipment is not the same as the usual stocking. Thus, it is necessary to study positioning civilian equipment, summed up in the following equipment and its technology that is suitable for characteristics: working long hours in the field, easy to catch wireless ● Less demanding positioning accuracy in most signals, at a low cost and easy to operate. cases, achieving visual range. Due to the complexity of positioning system used ● The positioning sensors or beacon device is in the field of livestock, here we only discuss its small, light, and easy to wear and use, able to work in relevant technical and functional requirements, in a relatively poor geographical and climatic condition. combination of the characteristics of backyard ● Low-power for the device, long time power livestock. supply, charging time and frequency as small as possible. 1 Positioning Characteristics and Technologies ● Low cost for the system, especially cheap for for domestic animals in the field sensors or beacons, suitable for large-scale use. There are many forms for domestic animals in ● Delay positioning, i.e., non-real-time positioning the field, which can be divided into: Wild grazing and for domestic animals. Because there are grazing Scattered grazing at fixed location. members, we often do not need to know the location Wild grazing needs a special Grazing member. in real time of domestic animals, and we consider After the herd entering, the grazing member need to locating or tracking them when accident happens. visually guard and watch the herd, maintaining a In the existing mature positioning: Global certain distance, command and control animals with a Positioning (GPS)/(A-GPS), the Compass, IP particular call, voice or password, accompanied by positioning, WIFI positioning, sonar positioning, throwing small stones. As the grazing member always RFID tags to identify the location, Bluetooth keeps in contact with the domestic animals, he can positioning, sonar positioning and cell base station effectively control the herd, which will avoid the positioning. phenomenon of loss of the domestic animals. But GPS positioning consists of 24 operating when the herd is large, it still needs a locating satellites. It needs to measure firstly the distance equipment to help manage the herd. between the known-position satellite and the user Scattered grazing at fixed location is choosing a receiver,