AMERICAN MUSEUM Novitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 3206, 27 pp., 47 figures August 29, 1997 South American Rophitine Bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Rophitinae) JEROME G. ROZEN, JR.1 CONTENTS Abstract ...................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................... 2 Acknowledgments. 2 Phylogenetic Relationships and Classification ..................................... 3 Morphology ................................................................... 6 Key to Genera of South American Rophitine Bees ................................. 7 Ceblurgus Urban and Moure ................................................... 8 Goeletapis peruensis Rozen, new genus and species ............................... 8 Penapis Michener .............................................................. 18 Key to Species of Penapis ...................................................... 21 Penapis penai Michener ........................................................ 22 Penapis moldenkei Bohart, Toro, and Rozen, new species .......................... 22 Penapis toroi Rozen, new species ................................................ 26 References .................................................................... 27 ABSTRACT Males and females of Goeletapis peruensis, era of South American Rophitinae, as well as with new genus, new species, are described from three other rophitine genera. Morphological evidence localities in Peru. The genus is compared with suggests that the South American genera represent Penapis and Ceblurgus, the other two known gen- a single clade with possible affinities to Old World I Curator, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History. Copyright X American Museum of Natural History 1997 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $3.00 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3206 genera rather than North American taxa. A key to used for Goeletapis, and its female characters are the South American genera of the Rophitinae is recorded for the first time. Two new species in presented. addition to P. penai Michener are recognized: P. Specimens of Goeletapis were collected as they moldenkei Bohart, Toro, and Rozen and P. toroi foraged from (and almost certainly sought mates Rozen. These three species are quite similar ana- at) flowers of Exodeconus (Solanaceae) at a num- tomically, and their distinguishing features are il- ber of localities. Data are presented concerning lustrated. A key to them is offered, and their ovaries and oocytes. known distributions, all in Chile, are mapped. Penapis Michener is redescribed in the format INTRODUCTION Although the Rophitinae (= Dufoureinae) Research Experience for Undergraduates are well known from the Holarctic and Af- Program, American Museum of Natural His- rica, their presence in South America was tory, who contributed to the manuscript by undetected until 1965, when Penapis penai searching for taxonomic characters of Goe- was described (Michener, 1965) based on a letapis and by preparing some of the illustra- single male specimen from Chile. Other tions. specimens of Penapis have been collected Dr. John L. Neff, Central Texas Melitto- through the years, but no new finds were re- logical Institute, Austin, Texas, freely offered ported until Ceblurgus longipalpis was de- his detailed notes and illustrations comparing scribed from Brazil more than a quarter of a Penapis with specimens of Goeletapis (see century later (Urban and Moure, 1993). Remarks, below) collected by Dr. Beryl Now, yet another rophitine genus and spe- Simpson from near Paijan, Peru. Dr. Simpson cies, here named Goeletapis peruensis Ro- was the first person to collect this genus, at zen, has been discovered in Peru. With this the PaijaLn CIPA-III Experimental Station, addition, the South American fauna of the Dept. La Libertad, July 10, 1983, on native subfamily consists of three genera, all from cotton (Gossypium barbadense). When he xeric regions. Goeletapis and Ceblurgus re- examined the specimens, Dr. Neff recognized main monotypic at this time, but two new that they represented a new genus and spe- Chilean species are herein recognized in cies and thus prepared his notes. The speci- Penapis. mens were subsequently sent to the USDA Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Utah State University, Logan, Utah. Dr. Ter- ry L. Griswold and Dr. G. E. Bohart retrieved The field trip that led to the discovery of the single male from that series and loaned Goeletapis peruensis in 1995, as well as a it to me. The cooperation of all of these in- subsequent venture there in 1996, was made dividuals leaves little doubt that this early possible through the support of Mr. Robert collection was Goeletapis peruensis and led G. Goelet. On both trips, Sefior Alfredo to the rediscovery of the species near Paijan Ugarte Pefia provided invaluable field assis- on the 1996 trip. tance and participated in collecting the type I acknowledge the kind cooperation of series. I wish to thank Dr. Gerardo Lamas, Prof. Haroldo Toro, Universidad Catolica de Museo de Historia Natural, Lima, for his Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile, and Dr. Bo- counsel as to localities where bees might be hart. They shared their unpublished manu- active in Peru at the time of the trips. Dr. script on Penapis, they were the first to rec- Asuncion Cano Eschevarria, Museo de His- ognize Penapis moldenkei to be distinct, and toria Natural, Lima, kindly identified the host they permitted me to publish its description plant from the first trip. Host plants from the herein. Specimens of Penapis loaned by Drs. 1996 trip were identified by Dr. Jackie Kal- Bohart, Griswold, and Neff and by Prof. lunki, New York Botanical Garden, New Toro made possible the study and descrip- York. tions of the species of that genus. The rec- I thank Mr. Seth Budick, Participant, NSF ognition of these species provided evidence 1997 ROZEN: ROPHITINE BEES 3 of character variation within that genus, tures that appear to be synapomorphies, sug- which, in turn, was helpful in determining gesting that the South American rophitines generic boundaries between Penapis and represent a single clade. These features are Goeletapis. discussed as items 1 through 7 below. Dr. Charles D. Michener, University of 1. The anterior tentorial pits of all three Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, kindly loaned a South American genera are situated adjacent male paratype of Ceblurgus longipalpis Ur- to the lower outer edge of the antennal sock- ban and Moure, and Dr. Danutncia Urban and ets (figs. 1-3). This character seems partic- Padre Jesus Santiago Moure, both of Uni- ularly strong because in other rophitines the versidade Federal do Parana, Brazil, loaned pits are generally far removed from the sock- a male and female of the same species col- ets on or just above a well-defined epistomal lected after the type series. On a visit to the suture. The position of the pits in the Old Snow Museum at the University of Kansas, World Systropha appears somewhat inter- I was able to study the holotype of Penapis mediate, a fact that may prove important penai and examine certain rophitine taxa not when the phylogenetic relationships within present in the collections of the American the subfamily are considered. Museum of Natural History. 2. The postpalpal part of the galea (galeal Versions of this manuscript were read by blade) (fig. 6) in the three genera is elongate, Drs. Bohart, Griswold, Michener, and Neff that is, equal in length to or somewhat longer and by Prof. Toro. Their comments and sug- than the stipes, whereas in most other New gestions were carefully considered and have World rophitine genera the galeal blade is improved the paper. distinctly shorter than (often less than one- half the length of) the stipes. Dufourea no- PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS vaeangliae and D. versatilis rubriventris are AND CLASSIFICATION exceptions, however. An elongate galea is also characteristic of the Old World genera An analysis of the Rophitinae was con- Rophites and Morawitzia (but not Systro- ducted to determine the relationships among pha), another possible consideration when the three South American genera. Represen- the phylogeny of the subfamily is investigat- tatives of all but two rophitine genera (Trilia ed. A short galeal blade is characteristic of and Morawitzella) were studied. For the both the Nomiinae and Halictinae, possibly analysis, males of the following non-South indicating that the elongate condition is de- American taxa were examined: Dufourea rived, presumably a number of times, where marginata (Cresson), D. australis (Miche- it is found in the Rophitinae. ner), D. versatilis rubriventris Michener, D. 3. In contrast to most other rophitines, the novaeangliae (Robertson), Protodufourea three South American rophitine genera, as eickworti Bohart and Griswold, Sphecodo- well as Rophites, Morawitzia, and Systropha soma dicksoni (Timberlake), Conanthalictus have unusually long, gradually tapering glos- conanthi (Cockerell), C. deserticola Timber- sae (fig. 6), which are as long as, to much lake, Micralictoides quadriceps Bohart and longer than, the stipes. Glossae of Dufourea Griswold, Michenerula beameri Bohart, Xe- are shorter to longer than the stipes (Ebmer, ralictus bicuspidariae Snelling and Stage, 1984, 1993). The other rophitine genera have Rophites trispinosus Schummel, R. quinque- short glossae, which are usually less than spinosus Spinola, Systropha