References Associated with K. Bernard’s Excel file called “Review of Clostridium April 18 2017” NOTE: Many older species cited in the Excel file are solely linked to ref 1 (Collins et al, 1994) and / or ref 2 (Bergey’s manual, 2008). Most other references cited below are linked to taxa described AFTER 1994 or 2008 and historically were NOT cited in Collins and/or the Bergey’s chapter. References are only cited once; some references describe taxa which fell into multiple clusters. Literature cited (done April 19 2017) Cluster I references 1. Collins, MD, Lawson, PA, Willems, A, Cordoba, JJ, Fernandez-Garayzabal, J, Garcia, P, Cai, J, Hippe, H, Farrow, JA. 1994. The phylogeny of the genus Clostridium: proposal of five new genera and eleven new species combinations. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:812-826. 2. Rainey, FA, Hollen, BJ, Small, A. 2008. Genus I. Clostridium Prazmowski 1880, 23 AL in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed., p. 738-828. In De Vos, P, Garrity, GM, Jones, D, Krieg, NR, Ludwig, W, Rainey, FA, Schleifer, K, Whitman, WB (eds.), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd ed., 2nd ed., vol. 3 The Firmicutes. Springer, Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York. 3. Orlygsson, J, Krooneman, J, Collins, MD, Pascual, C, Gottschalk, G. 1996. Clostridum acetireducens sp. nov., a novel amino acid-oxidizing, acetate-reducing anaerobic bacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:454-459. 4. Kuhner, CH, Matthies, C, Acker, G, Schmittroth, M, Gossner, AS, Drake, HL. 2000. Clostridium akagii sp. nov. and Clostridium acidisoli sp. nov.: acid-tolerant, N2-fixing clostridia isolated from acidic forest soil and litter. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50 Pt 2:873-881. 5. Lee, YJ, Romanek, CS, Wiegel, J. 2007. Clostridium aciditolerans sp. nov., an acid-tolerant spore-forming anaerobic bacterium from constructed wetland sediment. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 57:311-315. 6. Kim, S, Jeong, H, Chun, J. 2007. Clostridium aestuarii sp. nov., from tidal flat sediment. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 57:1315-1317. 7. Lawson, P, Dainty, RH, Kristiansen, N, Berg, J, Collins, MD. 1994. Characterization of a psychrotrophic Clostridium causing spoilage in vacuum-packed cooked pork: description of Clostridium algidicarnis sp. nov. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 19:153-157. 8. Wu, YF, Zheng, H, Wu, QL, Yang, H, Liu, SJ. 2014. Clostridium algifaecis sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterial species from decomposing algal scum. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 64:3844-3848. 9. Shcherbakova, VA, Chuvilskaya, NA, Rivkina, EM, Pecheritsyna, SA, Laurinavichius, KS, Suzina, NE, Osipov, GA, Lysenko, AM, Gilichinsky, DA, Akimenko, VK. 2005. Novel psychrophilic anaerobic spore-forming bacterium from the overcooled water brine in permafrost: description Clostridium algoriphilum sp. nov. Extremophiles. 9:239-246. 10. O'Neal, L, Obregon-Tito, AJ, Tito, RY, Ozga, AT, Polo, SI, Lewis, CM,Jr, Lawson, PA. 2015. Clostridium amazonense sp. nov. an obliqately anaerobic bacterium isolated from a remote Amazonian community in Peru. Anaerobe. 35:33-37. 11. Jung, MY, Park, IS, Kim, W, Kim, HL, Paek, WK, Chang, YH. 2010. Clostridium arbusti sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium isolated from pear orchard soil. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:2231-2235. 12. Hahnke, S, Striesow, J, Elvert, M, Mollar, XP, Klocke, M. 2014. Clostridium bornimense sp. nov., isolated from a mesophilic, two-phase, laboratory-scale biogas reactor. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 64:2792-2797. 13. Spring, S, Merkhoffer, B, Weiss, N, Kroppenstedt, RM, Hippe, H, Stackebrandt, E. 2003. Characterization of novel psychrophilic clostridia from an Antarctic microbial mat: description of Clostridium frigoris sp. nov., Clostridium lacusfryxellense sp. nov., Clostridium bowmanii sp. nov. and Clostridium psychrophilum sp. nov. and reclassification of Clostridium laramiense as Clostridium estertheticum subsp. laramiense subsp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53:1019-1029. 14. Bowman, KS, Dupre, RE, Rainey, FA, Moe, WM. 2010. Clostridium hydrogeniformans sp. nov. and Clostridium cavendishii sp. nov., hydrogen-producing bacteria from chlorinated solvent-contaminated groundwater. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:358-363. 15. Kelly, WJ, Asmundson, RV, Hopcroft, DH. 1987. Isolation and characterization of a strictly anaerobic, cellulolytic spore former: Clostridium chartatabidum sp. nov. Arch. Microbiol. 147:169-173. 16. Kelly, WJ, Asmundson, RV, Hopcroft, DH. 1996. In Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. List no. 57. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:625-626. 17. Inglett, KS, Bae, HS, Aldrich, HC, Hatfield, K, Ogram, AV. 2011. Clostridium chromiireducens sp. nov., isolated from Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 61:2626-2631. 18. Greetham, HL, Gibson, GR, Giffard, C, Hippe, H, Merkhoffer, B, Steiner, U, Falsen, E, Collins, MD. 2003. Clostridium colicanis sp. nov., from canine faeces. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53:259-262. 19. Biebl, H, Sproer, C. 2002. Taxonomy of the glycerol fermenting clostridia and description of Clostridium diolis sp. nov. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 25:491-497. 20. Biebl, H, Sproer, C. 2003. In Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. List no. 91. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 53:627-628. 21. Liou, JS, Balkwill, DL, Drake, GR, Tanner, RS. 2005. Clostridium carboxidivorans sp. nov., a solvent-producing clostridium isolated from an agricultural settling lagoon, and reclassification of the acetogen Clostridium scatologenes strain SL1 as Clostridium drakei sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 55:2085-2091. 22. Tamburini, E, Daly, S, Steiner, U, Vandini, C, Mastromei, G. 2001. Clostridium felsineum and Clostridium acetobutylicum are two distinct species that are phylogenetically closely related. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51:963-966. 23. Broda, DM, Lawson, PA, Bell, RG, Musgrave, DR. 1999. Clostridium frigidicarnis sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium associated with 'blown pack' spoilage of vacuum-packed meats. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49 Pt 4:1539- 1550. 24. Kim, S, Jeong, H, Kim, S, Chun, J. 2006. Clostridium ganghwense sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56:691-693. 25. Broda, DM, Saul, DJ, Lawson, PA, Bell, RG, Musgrave, DR. 2000. Clostridium gasigenes sp. nov., a psychrophile causing spoilage of vacuum-packed meat. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50 Pt 1:107-118. 26. Mountfort, DO, Rainey, FA, Burghardt, J, Stackebrandt, E. 1994. Clostridium grantii sp. nov., a new obligately anaerobic, alginolytic bacterium isolated from mullet gut. Arch. Microbiol. 162:173-179. 27. Ruan, Z, Wang, Y, Zhang, C, Song, J, Zhai, Y, Zhuang, Y, Wang, H, Chen, X, Li, Y, Zhao, B, Zhao, B. 2014. Clostridium huakuii sp. nov., an anaerobic, acetogenic bacterium isolated from methanogenic consortia. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 64:4027-4032. 28. Padden, AN, Dillon, VM, Edmonds, J, Collins, MD, Alvarez, N, John, P. 1999. An indigo-reducing moderate thermophile from a woad vat, Clostridium isatidis sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49 Pt 3:1025-1031. 29. Yin, Q, Tao, Y, Zhu, X, Zhou, Y, He, X, Cheng, L, Huang, Y, Li, D. 2015. Clostridium liquoris sp. nov., isolated from a fermentation pit used for the production of Chinese Strong-Flavored Liquor. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 30. Tanner, RS, Miller, LM, Yang, D. 1993. Clostridium ljungdahlii sp. nov., an acetogenic species in clostridial rRNA homology group I. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43:232-236. 31. Cirne, DG, Delgado, OD, Marichamy, S, Mattiasson, B. 2006. Clostridium lundense sp. nov., a novel anaerobic lipolytic bacterium isolated from bovine rumen. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56:625-628. 32. Wang, Q, Wang, CD, Li, CH, Li, JG, Chen, Q, Li, YZ. 2015. Clostridium luticellarii sp. nov., isolated from a mud cellar used for producing strong aromatic liquors. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 65:4730-4733. 33. Lawson, PA, Rainey, FA. 2016. Proposal to restrict the genus Clostridium (Prazmowski) to Clostridium butyricum and related species. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 66:1009-1016. 34. Suresh, K, Prakash, D, Rastogi, N, Jain, RK. 2007. Clostridium nitrophenolicum sp. nov., a novel anaerobic p- nitrophenol-degrading bacterium, isolated from a subsurface soil sample. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 57:1886- 1890. 35. Horino, H, Ito, M, Tonouchi, A. 2015. Clostridium oryzae sp. nov., from soil of a Japanese rice field. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 65:943-951. 36. Wilde, E, Collins, MD, Hippe, H. 1997. Clostridium pascui sp. nov., a new glutamate-fermenting sporeformer from a pasture in Pakistan. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47:164-170. 37. Mechichi, T, Fardeau, ML, Labat, M, Garcia, JL, Verhe, F, Patel, BK. 2000. Clostridium peptidivorans sp. nov., a peptide-fermenting bacterium from an olive mill wastewater treatment digester. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50 Pt 3:1259-1264. 38. Lanjekar, VB, Marathe, NP, Shouche, YS, Ranade, DR. 2015. Clostridium punense sp. nov., an obligate anaerobe isolated from healthy human faeces. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 65:4749-4756. 39. Keis, S, Shaheen, R, Jones, DT. 2001. Emended descriptions of Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beijerinckii, and descriptions of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum sp. nov. and Clostridium saccharobutylicum sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51:2095-2103. 40. Alam, SI, Dixit, A, Reddy, GS, Dube, S, Palit, M, Shivaji, S, Singh, L. 2006. Clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic, proteolytic, psychrophilic bacterium isolated from lake sediment of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56:715-720. 41. Mishra, AK, Lagier, JC, Robert, C, Raoult, D, Fournier, PE. 2012. Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Clostridium senegalense sp. nov. Stand. Genomic Sci. 6:386-395. 42. Mishra, AK, Lagier, J-, Robert, C, Raoult, D, Fournier, P-. 2015. Validation List no. 165 List of New Names and New Combinations previously effectively but not validly published. Int. J. System. Evol. Microbiol. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 65:2777-2783. 43. Sallam, A, Steinbuchel, A. 2009. Clostridium sulfidigenes sp.