71-27,563 SMITH, Kenneth Roger, 1935- ECOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY STUDIES ON THE RESPIRATION OF SEVERAL GILLED AND NON-GILLED AQUATIC OLIGOCHAETES. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1971 Physiology University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan @Copyright by Kenneth Roger Smith 1971 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED ECOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY STUDIES ON THE RESPIRATION OP SEVERAL GILLED AND NON-GIT,T,ED AQUATIC OLIGOCHAETES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Kenneth Roger Smith, B.S., M.Sc * * * * * The Ohio State University 1971 Approved by f Advisor Faculty of Zoology TABLE OP CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........................................... ii VITA .................................. .............. iii TABLES................................................... v FIGURES.............. viii INTRODUCTION............................................. 1 METHODS AND MATERIALS.’.................................... h RESULTS.................................................. 17 DISCUSSION............................................ SUMMARY.................................................. 65 LITERATURE CITED......................................... 67 APPENDICES ......................................... 70 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people aided me in planning and executing the experimentation, evaluating the data and bringing the endeavor to a successful conclusion. First of all I wish to thank my adviser, Dr. N. W. Britt, for his help and encouragement. My gratitude is extended to associates at the Franz Theodore Stone Laboratory, especially to the Director, Dr. L. S, Putman, and Dr. J. Hubschman. Others there assisted me in obtaining animals used in the study. To them I am grateful. X should like to express my appreciation to the staff of the Water Resources Center who provided facilities and equipment used in this project as well as technical advice. The assistance of Professor W. D. Sheets, Dr. K. S. Shumate, and Mr. John McConnell is particularly appreciated. To Dr. W. Collins, Dr. R. Skavaril, Dr. S. S. Y. Young, Dr. P. R. Dunlap and Mr. A. Katz who assisted me with the experimental design using the computer, and the statistical evaluation, go recognition. Their aid was invaluable. Lastly, I wish to thank professors, associates and friends who throughout my life have contributed to the fulfillment of this goal. Each one gave in his own unique way. ii VITA. 7 November 1935 Born, Berwick, Pennsylvania 1957 B.S., Blocmsburg State College Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania 1957-1959 U. S. Army 1959-1963 Science Teacher, Lorain Public Schools, Lorain, Ohio 1962 N.S.F, Summer Institute The Pennsylvania State University 1962-1963 N.S.F. In-Service Institute Physics and Mathematics University of Akron 1963-1964 N.S.F. Academic Year Institute The Ohio State University 1964-1968 Graduate Teaching Assistant, Zoology, The Ohio State University 1966 M.S., Zoology The Ohio State University 1968-1969 Graduate Research Associate, The Ohio State University, Relationships Between Hiosphates and Other Chemicals at the Water-Substrate Interfane in Lake Erie. Office of Water Resources Research, U. S. Department of the Interior. 1969-1970 Graduate Research Associate, The Ohio State University A Study of Biological Systems in the Scioto River as Indices to Water Quality. Office of Water Resources Research U. S. Department of the Interior 1970-1971 Faculty, The Ohio State University Lima Campus iii HJBLICATIONS Record Low Dissolved Qjiygen in the Island. Area of Lake Erie, coauthor with N. Wilson Britt and Edwin J, Skoch, Ohio Jour. Sci,, 1968, 68(3): 175-179. Aquatic Oliogochaete Fauna of the Scioto River Drainage System, (in press J. Special Publication. .. "' FIELDS OF STUDY Aquatic Zoology, Invertebrate Zoology, Ecology iv TABLES Table Page 1. Some Size Relationships of the Experimental Animals (Each Figure Based on an Average of Ten Worms)...............1 .......................... 13 2. Chemical Analysis of Columbus City Water Used in the Experimentation. .Data is Expressed as Milligrams per Liter Except for pH................ 18 3. Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations in Experimental and Control Chambers, as Well as Animals Tested, Experimental Temperatures, and Identification of the Water Utilized....... \ ....................... 20 4. Statistical parameters for the LTegig of the Five Experimental Animals. (DO Concentration - About 0.3 ppm)........................................ 39 5. Analysis of Variance Based on Table 4 ............. 40 6 . LTeQfg for Experimental Animals by Temperatures in Log Units................................. 40 7. LTcjqis (Hrs) for the Five Oligochaetes Studied. 44 8 . Analysis of Variance Based on Table ............. 45 9 . Death Rate (slope) vs Time for Worms Used in Study in Log Units............................... 45 10. Statistical parameters for the Rate of Oxygen Consumption of Dero, Based on 12 Hour, 30°C Data. US 11. Summary of Morphological, physiological and Ecological Characteristics of the Five Genera Studied............ 51 v TABLES (Continued) Appendix Table Page X. Statistical Parameters Pertaining to the Mortality Rate of Branchiura at 30°C.......... 71 II. Statistical Parameters Pertaining to the . Mortality Rate of Aulophorus at 20°C. .... 72 III. Statistical Parameters Pertaining to the Mortality Rate of Aulophorus at 30°C....... 73 IV. Statistical Parameters Pertaining to the Mortality Rate of Dero at 20°C............. 7^ V. Statistical parameters Pertaining to the Mortality Rate of Dero at 30° C ............. 75 VI. Statistical Parameters Pertaining to the Mortality Rate of Limnodrilus at 20°C .... 76 VII. Statistical Parameters Pertaining to the Mortality Rate of Limnodrilus at 30°C . , . 77 '.VIII. Statistical Parameters Pertaining to the Mortality Rate of Nais at 20°C............. 78 IX. Statistical Parameters Pertaining to the Mortality Rate of Nais at 30°C............. 79 X. Statistical Parameters Pertaining to the LD(-0 of Dero at 12 Hours and 3 0 ° C ......... 80 XI. Randomization Scheme for Branchiura at 30°C Showing the Response of Each Individual Treated........................ 81 XII. Randomization Scheme for Aulophorus at 30°C Showing the Response of Each Individual Treated................................. 83 vi TABLES (Continued) Appendix Table Page XIII. Randomization Scheme for Aulophorus at 20°C Showing The Response of Each Individual Treated........................ 86 XIV. Randomization Scheme for Dero at 30°C Showing the Response of Each individual Treated......... 89 XV. Randomization Scheme for Dero at 20°C Showing the Response of Each Individual Treated................................. 92 XVI. Randomization Scheme for Limnodrilus at 30°C Showing the Response of Each Individual Treated........................ 95 XVII. Randomization Scheme for Nais at 20°C Showing the Response of Each Individual Treated............ 98 XVIII. Randomization Scheme for Nais at 30°C Showing the Response of Each Individual Treated........................... 101 XIX. Randomization Scheme for Limnodrilus at 20°C Showing the Response of Each Individual Treated........................ lOh vii FIGURES Figure page 1. System Used to Fill Experimental and Control Chambers ................. ......... 8 2* Dosage Response Curve With 95 Percent Confidence Bands for Aulophorus at 20°C (0p Approximately 0.5 p p m ) ......................................... 26 3. Dosage Response Curve With 95 Percent Confidence Bands for Aulophorus at 30°C (op Approximately 0.5 p p m ) ..................................... 27 4. Dosage Response Curve With 95 Percent Confidence Bands for Dero at 20°C (0g Approximately 0.5 ppm). 28 5. Dosage Response Curve With 95 Percent Confidence Bands for Dero at 30°C (Og Approximately 0.5 ppm). 29 6 . Dosage Response Curve With 95 Percent Confidence Bands for Nais at 20°C (Og Approximately 0.5 ppm). 30 7. Dosage Response Curve With 95 Percent Confidence Bands for Nais at 30°C (Og Approximately 0.5 ppm). 31 8 . Dosage Response Curve With 95 Percent Confidence Bands for Limnodrilus at 20°C (0p Approximately 0.5 p p m ) ...................................... 32 9. Dosage Response Curve With 95 Percent Confidence Bands for Limnodrilus at 30 °C (0p Approximately 0.5 p p m ) ...................................... 33 10. Dosage Response Curve With 95 Percent Confidence Bands for Branchiura at 30°C (0p Approximately 0.5 p p m ) ...................................... 3U 11. Comparison of Dosage Response Curves at 20° and 30°C for Aulophorus (Og Approximately 0.5 ppm). ....... 35 12. Comparison of Dosage Response Curves at 20° and 30°C for Dero (Og Approximately 0.5 ppm)............... 36 13. Comparison of Dosage Response Curves at 20° and 30°C for Nais (Og Approximately 0.5 ppm)............... 37 vili FIGURES (Continued) Figure page lU. Comparison of Dosage Response Curves at 20° and 30°C for Limnodrilus (Og Approximately 0.5 p p m ) .......... 38 15. Dosage Response Curves at 20°C for all Experimental Animals Except Branchiura (Og Approximately 0.5 ppm) hi 16. Dosage Response Curves at 30°C for All Experimental Animals Except Branchiura (Og Approximately 0.5 ppm) h 2 17. LCcn Curve With 90 Percent Confidence Bands for Dero at5306C (12 Hour D a t a ) ....................... k 7 18. Posterior Morphology Showing Gill Structures of the Three Gilled Species Used in the Experimentation . 57 ix 1 INTRODUCTION Our surface -waters are becoming increasingly enriched with