SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Unit I INTRODUCTION TO RETAINING WALL 16CE 401 – DESIGN OF STRUCTURES PRESENTED BY, O.R.KAVITHA ASSOC PROFESSOR DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY Dr.O.R.Kavitha/ASP/CE ,Sharveen.K.IVCE 16CE401/ DRCS/ Retaining wall 1/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Framed Structure Load bearing structure Load transfer path is from Load transfer path is from slab/floor to slab/floor to beam, beam to walls and walls to footing. column and column to footing. Multi storied buildings can be Limited storied buildings can only be constructed. constructed. More resistant to Earthquake. Less resistant to Earthquake. Speed of construction is more. Speed of construction is less. It is flexible in design as you can It is not flexible in design as you can’t shift location of walls. remove/shift walls. Dr.O.R.Kavitha/ASP/CE 16CE401/ DRCS/ Retaining wall ,Sharveen.K.IVCE 2/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Selection of type of structure Service Functions Economy Location Service Surface Conditions Infrastructure Life Environmental Impact etc Limitations Material Availability Construction Expertise ... Dr.O.R.Kavitha/ASP/CE ,Sharveen.K.IVCE 16CE401/ DRCS/ Retaining wall 3/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) What is a Retaining wall? to hold back soil mass aesthetic landscaping purposes Dr.O.R.Kavitha/ASP/CE ,Sharveen.K.IVCE 16CE401/ DRCS/ Retaining wall 4/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Retaining walls in dams Aliyar dam Aliyar lake receives water from Upper Aliyar Reservoir through the hydroelectric power station in Navamali and the Parambikulam through a canal. Dr.O.R.Kavitha/ASP/CE ,Sharveen.K.IVCE 16CE401/ DRCS/ Retaining wall 5/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Bhavanisagar Dam Bhavanisagar Dam is located in Erode district. The dam is constructed on the Bhavani river. Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 6/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Retaining walls in building Dr.O.R.Kavitha/ASP/CE ,Sharveen.K.IVCE 16CE401/ DRCS/ Retaining wall 7/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Retaining walls TO BE………… All permanent walls designed for a minimum service life of 75 years. Corrosion protection is required for all walls in aggressive environments. Retaining walls are usually built to hold back soil mass. They are also provided to maintain the grounds at two different levels. Dr.O.R.Kavitha/ASP/CE ,Sharveen.K.IVCE 16CE401/ DRCS/ Retaining wall 8/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) types of Retaining wall Gravity retaining wall Sheet pile Cantilevered wall retaining wall Precast Counter fort concrete crib retaining wall retaining wall Precast concrete retaining wall Dr.O.R.Kavitha/ASP/CE ,Sharveen.K.IVCE 16CE401/ DRCS/ Retaining wall 9/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Gravity retaining wall The walls which resists the earth pressure due to backfill by its own weight. They are constructed with stone masonry or plain concrete. Dr.O.R.Kavitha/ASP/CE ,Sharveen.K.IVCE 16CE401/ DRCS/ Retaining wall 10/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Cantilever retaining Wall STEM or Wall Made of reinforced cement Slab BACKFILL concrete & safe up to 6m. FRONT The wall consist of a thin stem & base slab cast monolithically. TOE H E (b/4) KEY E L Dr.O.R.Kavitha/ASP/CE 16CE401/ DRCS/ Retaining wall ,Sharveen.K.IVCE 11/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 12/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE Construction of Cantilever retaining Wall • Retaining Wall Construction Dr.O.R.Kavitha/ASP/CE ,Sharveen.K.IVCE 16CE401/ DRCS/ Retaining wall 13/34 counterfort retaining Wall It has thin vertical slabs, known as Counterfort, spaced across the vertical stem at regular intervals & more than 6m height. It reduce shear force &bending moment in the vertical stem & the base slab. Dr.O.R.Kavitha/ASP/CE ,Sharveen.K.IVCE 16CE401/ DRCS/ Retaining wall 14/34 SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Construction of counterfort retaining Wall • Construction of Counterfort RW.webm Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 15/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 16/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUSClue INSTITUTION) : Looking at the diagram in rows, the central circle equals half the sum of the numbers in the other circles to the left and right of the centre. Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 17/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) ANSWER 6 Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 18/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Puzzle 2 Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 19/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE Clue • The number at the center of each triangle equals the sum of the lower two numbers minus the top number Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 20/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) ANSWER 9 Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 21/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE Puzzle 3 Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 22/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE Clue Starting bottom left and moving clockwise around : the triangle, numbers follow the sequence of Square Numbers. Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 23/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) ANSWER 16 Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 24/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) Puzzle 4 Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 25/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE Clue : Working from top to bottom, double each number and subtract 1, then 2, then 3 etc. Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 26/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-35 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION) ANSWER 39 Dr.O.R.Kavitha/AS 16CE401/ DRCS/ P/CE Retaining wall 27/34 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE Thank You Dr.O.R.Kavitha/ASP/CE 16CE401/ DRCS/ Retaining wall 28 ,Sharveen.K.IVCE.