1 ECOSOC Patents ECOSOC Background Guide 2 ECOSOC Contents Letter from the Secretary General: ........................................................................................................ 3 Letter from the Committee Director: .................................................................................................... 4 Definition .............................................................................................................................................. 5 History of the Topic .............................................................................................................................. 5 Italy - 1400s ...................................................................................................................................... 5 The United Kingdom - 1500s & 1600s ............................................................................................. 6 Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property ............................................................... 6 Types of Patents .................................................................................................................................... 7 Design Patent .................................................................................................................................... 7 Utility Patent ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Plant Patent ....................................................................................................................................... 8 National Patents vs. Regional Patents ............................................................................................... 8 International patents .......................................................................................................................... 9 The cost of a patent ........................................................................................................................... 9 The case FOR Patents ......................................................................................................................... 10 Serve as Protection for Small and New Firms ................................................................................. 10 Inventions are made Public ............................................................................................................. 10 Incentive to Innovate....................................................................................................................... 11 High Costs + R&D .......................................................................................................................... 11 The case AGAINST Patents (or reduced ones) ................................................................................... 12 Pharma Industry: lack of access ...................................................................................................... 12 India as a Case Study ...................................................................................................................... 13 Evergreening: Small Tweaks = More Patents ................................................................................. 14 Patent “Trolls” ................................................................................................................................ 14 NO Patents At All ........................................................................................................................... 15 Catching up with Technological Development ................................................................................... 15 United States of America ................................................................................................................ 16 European Union .............................................................................................................................. 16 International Bodies ............................................................................................................................ 17 World Trade Organization .............................................................................................................. 17 Bloc Positions ..................................................................................................................................... 17 QARMAs: ........................................................................................................................................... 18 Position papers: ................................................................................................................................... 18 Bibliography: ...................................................................................................................................... 18 3 ECOSOC Santiago Bustamante Letter from the Secretary General Secretary General Santiago Ortiz Dear Delegates and Faculty Advisors, Under Secretary General and Welcome to NewMUN 2019! Before anything, I would like to ECOSOC Committee wish you the best of luck in this two-day conference which is Director going to bring together the best MUN delegates from Lima. I am Carlos Urrunaga sure that I will witness the highest level of debate at this DISEC Committee conference. Director More than as a MUNer, but as a responsible citizen, I understand Ainhoa Ceballos that the global issues in our world must be solved by the SOCHUM Committee international community. I also understand that MUN delegates Director don't have the capabilities to take the decisions to change the world, but at least we have the capacity to outrage ourselves when Juan Pablo Muñoz FABC Committee seeing that something is not working for our wellbeing. That Director capacity to go out and speak for your beliefs, to stand up and raise the flag of your country demanding for consensus, demanding for Juan Diego Rodriguez peace, demanding for the wellbeing of everyone. That capacity is HGA Committee the only way in which countries can move forward, and it is the Director only way in which we will contribute to building a better world. Maybe a little visionary but is the truth. Marina Velasco and Sebastian Alvino This year, the Newton team has decided to increase the number of JCC Directors committees in order to have a MUN conference of the best quality. The topics that we have chosen tackle issues from the past, Francisco Lyon present, and future, therefore presenting a challenge for delegates to combine their knowledge and application to reach solutions. In Fantastic Crisis many of the committees, Directors have been prepared to take the Committee Director flow of the committee to a maximum moment of crisis in order to assess the networking and negotiating skill from delegates. Jorge Fiestas Press Director I will just like to leave you the message, that the only way to be ------------------------------- successful is to give your best. As Eric Thomas once said: "You will be successful when you want something as hard as you want Santiago Ortiz to breath". ECOSOC Committee I wish you the best of luck in your committees and hope you have Director an amazing time in NewMUN 2019! Haoyun Hu Assistant Director Sincerely, Santiago Bustamante Matias Blanes Secretary-General Assistant Director 4 ECOSOC Santiago Bustamante Letter from the Committee Director Secretary General Santiago Ortiz Dear Delegates, Under Secretary General and ECOSOC Committee Welcome to NewMUN 2019’s Economic and Social Committee, Director I wish you to enjoy this committee and bring on high level academic debate and solutions but at the same time have fun. Carlos Urrunaga DISEC Committee Director As a short introduction, my name is Santiago Ortiz and I am Ainhoa Ceballos currently a Form VI student in Newton College. In college, I plan SOCHUM Committee on studying Economics, possibly with a minor in Maths. My MUN Director career began when I was finishing Form II, and over these last few Juan Pablo Muñoz years of going to conference after conference, it has become one FABC Committee of my favourite activities. Attending each conference, leaves me Director amazed at how the level of debate keeps improving each year. Juan Diego Rodriguez Recently, I had the opportunity to attend Harvard MUN for the HGA Committee second time, where I enjoyed debating with people across the Director world, and even re-encountering friends I had met the prior year. Marina Velasco and Sebastian Alvino On my free time, I enjoy listening to Rock music, and am always JCC Directors open to suggestions on new bands or songs to add to my ever- expanding playlist. I love debating, both formally and informally, Francisco Lyon whether it’s about pressing political issues, or meaningless Fantastic Crisis debacles, and as you can see from my career choice, I am much Committee Director more inclined to numbers than letters. Jorge Fiestas Press Director Regarding the topic at hand, patents are a complex issue that intertwine corporations, consumers and the role of the ------------------------------- government, making them difficult to regulate properly. I hope Santiago Ortiz that the Background Guide we have put up helps set a good ECOSOC Committee knowledge base that will aide you in your further research. If you Director have any doubts at all, feel free to contact me or my Assistant Director at the emails at end of the Background Guide. Haoyun Hu Assistant Director Sincerely, Santiago Ortiz