WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD Foreword ...........................................................................................3 To say that the steel industry is experiencing interesting times would be Steel impact .......................................................................................4 an understatement. However, progress is being made at various levels. Steel initiatives ....................................................................................6 At the recent meeting of the Global Forum for Steel Excess Capacity (GFSEC), a G20 initiative, six important principles were agreed by CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION ministers of G20 countries. All are focused around ensuring that a level World crude steel production, 1950 to 2017 ........................................7 playing field should exist for steelmakers in all countries and that markets Top steelmakers, 2017 ........................................................................8 should remain free and fair for steel to be traded between countries. Major steel-producing countries, 2016 and 2017 .................................9 I am hopeful that the heightened level of trade tensions will abate and Crude steel production by process, 2017 .......................................... 10 that our positive outlook for steel demand will remain. The Short Range Continuously-cast steel output, 2015 to 2017 ................................... 11 Outlook for the next 18 months suggests 2018 growth of 1.8% followed Monthly crude steel production, 2014 to 2017 ................................... 12 by 0.7% in 2019. Steel demand is benefitting from the broad and favourable global economic momentum affecting both the developed STEEL USE and developing world at the same time. The worldsteel programmes Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2007 ................. 14 in the automotive, construction, packaging and rail sectors all aim to Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2017 ................. 15 maintain the role of steel as a versatile product without which modern Apparent steel use, 2011 to 2017 ...................................................... 16 society cannot remain sustainable. Apparent steel use per capita, 2011 to 2017 ...................................... 17 worldsteel Board members agreed to focus renewed attention on reaching the performance levels we see in our top 15%. Our technology RAW MATERIALS committee has produced extensive data and benchmarking information, Pig iron, 2016 and 2017 .................................................................... 18 with the challenge to reduce carbon emissions and increase energy Direct reduced iron production, 2010 to 2017 .................................... 19 efficiency in the steelmaking process. This service is available to all Iron ore, 2016 ...................................................................................20 worldsteel members to be used for their own benefit. World iron ore trade by area, 2017 .................................................... 21 Six worldsteel members (ArcelorMittal, Tata Steel Europe, Tata Steel Trade in ferrous scrap, 2016 and 2017 ..............................................22 Limited, Tenaris, thyssenkrupp AG and voestalpine AG) have been World trade in ferrous scrap by area, 2017 ����������������������������������������23 recognised for their outstanding efforts in sustainability activities. Congratulations to these sustainability champions! STEEL TRADE World steel trade in products, 1975 to 2017 ....................................... 24 This booklet provides a comprehensive overview of steel industry World volume of trade, 2000 to 2017 ................................................ 24 activities, stretching from production to steel use to some indications on World steel exports, analysis by product, 2012 to 2017 ...................... 25 trade flows. We are always looking to improve. If you have any comments World steel trade by area, 2017 .........................................................26 or suggestions please do not hesitate to contact me. Major importers and exporters of steel, 2017 ..................................... 27 INDIRECT TRADE Indirect trade in steel, 2000 to 2016 ..................................................28 Major indirect importers and exporters of steel, 2016 .........................28 True steel use, 2010 to 2016 .............................................................29 Apparent and true steel use per capita, 2016 ....................................29 For details on the notation used in this publication, Dr Edwin Basson please refer to page 30. Director General 3 STEEL IMPACT INNOVATION COMMUNITY EMPLOYMENT INVESTMENT SAFETY ECONOMY EDUCATION Responsible management INFRASTRUCTURE of natural resources Contributing to society Essential in all sectors A systematic approach Very little waste is produced. In of the economy In 2016, the steel industry distributed brings effective results 2016, 97.6% of the raw materials an estimated 1 029 billion USD, used for steelmaking were 98.8% of its revenue, to society converted to steel products and New modern steel products are directly and indirectly. In 2016, about 97.1% of steel by-products. lighter and stronger than before, industry employees and contractors helping other industries to reduce worked in EMS*-registered their environmental footprint. production facilities. CO Safety first, nothing is 2 more important Optimal resource efficiency, nothing to waste Taking action to fulfil Biggest challenge of responsibility We are working towards zero incidents. In 2016, the industry's the industry Nearly 100% of our industry Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate by-products can be used. Abiding by environmental was 1.0, an improvement of 78% Steelmaking by-products are used regulations is a prerequisite for In 2016, on average 1.9 tonnes of in e.g. concrete, fertilisers, plastics, since 2006. CO were emitted for every tonne of acceptance by society. We aim 2 paints and cosmetics. to continually reduce our steel produced. Breakthrough environmental impact. technologies are being developed worldwide to address this challenge. Human capital is ? a key asset Informed decisions on material choice Innovation is crucial Worldwide 6 million people work for Significant improvement in the steel industry. In 2016, steel companies provided each employee energy consumption We provide life cycle inventory New and innovative steels are with 7.0 training days on average. data for 16 key steel products. continually developed. In 2016, This helps customers to select the the steel industry invested 13% In the last 50 years the steel industry most sustainable materials for of revenue in capital investment has reduced its energy intensity per their products. projects and process improvement. tonne of steel produced by 60%. The average in 2016 was 20.3 GJ/tonne. The figures above are derived from the worldsteel 2016 Sustainability Indicator data, based on 125 steel companies and 6 associations reporting. Data for 2017 will be available on worldsteel.org in October 2018. * EMS: Environmental Management Systems 4 5 STEEL INITIATIVES WORLD CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION 1950 TO 2017 million tonnes STEEL SAFETY DAY Years World Years World Years World A safe and healthy working environment is the number one priority for 1950 189 1997 800 2008 1 343 every worldsteel member. Steel Safety Day was set up to reinforce 1955 270 1998 779 2009 1 239 awareness of the five most common causes of safety incidents. 1960 347 1999 790 2010 1 433 1965 456 2000 850 2011 1 538 1970 595 2001 852 2012 1 560 STEEL SUSTAINABILITY CHAMPIONS 1975 644 2002 905 2013 1 650 This programme aims to encourage steel companies to increase 1980 717 2003 971 2014 1 669 their efforts, set higher standards and make further progress in their 1985 719 2004 1 063 2015 1 620 sustainability programmes and business practices. 1990 770 2005 1 148 2016 1 627 1995 753 2006 1 250 2017 1 689 CLIMATE ACTION 1996 751 2007 1 348 This programme recognises steel producers that submit CO2 emissions data for worldsteel’s data collection, according to the worldsteel methodology – now a standard, ISO 14404. 1 800 GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION FORUM The industry is working together on a number of initiatives to develop Average growth rates % per annum breakthrough steelmaking technologies that can reduce CO emissions 1 600 2 Years World by at least 50%, potentially revolutionising the way steel is made. 1950-55 7.4 1955-60 5.1 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 1 400 1960-65 5.6 In 2017, worldsteel released its fourth global and regional steel life cycle 1965-70 5.5 1970-75 1.6 inventory (LCI) data, which has been developed following international 1975-80 2.2 standards on LCA. 1 200 1980-85 0.1 1985-90 1.4 1990-95 -0.5 ONLINE BENCHMARKING SYSTEMS 1995-00 2.5 1 000 2000-05 6.2 worldsteel offers free online benchmarking systems for its members on 2005-10 4.5 reliability, process yield, and energy intensity for each process of the 2010-15 2.5 2015-17 2.1 basic oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace production routes. 800 STEELIE AWARDS The Steelie Awards recognise member companies or individuals for their 600 contribution to the steel industry over a one-year period in a series of categories. The Steelies are awarded at worldsteel’s General Assembly in October. 400 STEELCHALLENGE steeluniversity hosts an annual competition, steelChallenge, for students 200 and young industry employees to test their knowledge and skills using