Beethoven’s Compositional Approach to Multi-Movement Structures in his Instrumental Works A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2013 ERICA BUURMAN SCHOOL OF ARTS, LANGUAGES AND CULTURES Contents List of Tables................................................................................................................ 6 List of Music Examples ............................................................................................... 7 Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 11 Declaration ................................................................................................................. 12 Copyright Statement .................................................................................................. 13 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... 14 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 15 Note on the Transcriptions ......................................................................................... 17 Chapter 1—Introduction ............................................................................................ 18 1.1—Aims .............................................................................................................. 18 1.2—Contexts ........................................................................................................ 18 Analyses of Beethoven’s Multi-Movement Structures ...................................... 19 Evidence of the Compositional Process ............................................................. 27 1.3—Methodology ................................................................................................. 34 Chapter 2—Background to Beethoven’s Multi-movement Structures ...................... 37 2.1—Musical Conventions ..................................................................................... 37 Number of Movements ...................................................................................... 38 Movement-Types ............................................................................................... 45 Choices of Key (Complete Movements) ............................................................ 49 Multi-Movement Integration .............................................................................. 50 2.2—Contemporary Aesthetic Currents ................................................................. 55 Summary ................................................................................................................ 58 Chapter 3—Multi-Movement Planning in the Sketches up to 1800 .......................... 60 3.1—Sketches for Multi-Movement Works in the Early Leaves and Bifolios ...... 60 3.2—Unfinished Symphony in C ........................................................................... 63 3.3—Unfinished Sonata in E flat ........................................................................... 67 3.4—Unfinished String Quartet in D ..................................................................... 69 3.5—Unfinished Work in E flat ............................................................................. 73 3.6—Further Multi-Movement Planning Amongst the Sketches Before 1800 ..... 74 Summary ................................................................................................................ 76 2 Chapter 4—Multi-Movement Plans from 1800 to 1807 ............................................ 78 4.1—Opp. 22, 23 and 24 ........................................................................................ 80 Op. 22 ................................................................................................................. 80 Op. 23 ................................................................................................................. 83 Op. 24 ................................................................................................................. 84 4.2—Opp. 26, 27 no. 1, and 28 .............................................................................. 86 Op. 26 ................................................................................................................. 86 Op. 27 no. 1 ........................................................................................................ 89 Op. 28 ................................................................................................................. 90 4.3—Opp. 30 and 31 .............................................................................................. 92 Op. 30 no. 1 ........................................................................................................ 93 Op. 30 no. 2 ........................................................................................................ 96 Op. 31 nos. 1 and 3 ............................................................................................ 98 Op. 31 no. 2 ...................................................................................................... 101 4.4—Opp. 47 and 53 ............................................................................................ 104 4.5—The Eroica and Fifth Symphonies .............................................................. 106 Eroica Symphony ............................................................................................ 106 Fifth Symphony ................................................................................................ 111 4.6—Op. 57, op. 59, and the Violin Concerto ..................................................... 121 Op. 57 ............................................................................................................... 122 Op. 59 no. 2 ...................................................................................................... 125 Op. 59 no. 3 ...................................................................................................... 128 Violin Concerto ................................................................................................ 131 Summary .............................................................................................................. 132 Chapter 5—Multi-Movement Plans from 1808 to Mid-1815 .................................. 134 5.1—Sixth Symphony .......................................................................................... 134 5.2—Multi-Movement Works Composed Between the Sixth and Seventh Symphonies .......................................................................................................... 141 Op. 70 no. 2 ...................................................................................................... 142 Op. 74 ............................................................................................................... 148 3 Op. 81a ............................................................................................................. 152 Op. 97 ............................................................................................................... 155 5.3—Works of 1811-15 ....................................................................................... 157 Seventh Symphony .......................................................................................... 159 Eighth Symphony ............................................................................................. 161 Unfinished Symphony in D minor ................................................................... 163 Unfinished Symphony in E Minor ................................................................... 166 Unfinished Symphony in E flat Major ............................................................. 169 Op. 96 ............................................................................................................... 171 Wellingtons Sieg ............................................................................................... 172 Unfinished Symphony in E minor or D minor ................................................. 174 Unfinished Piano Concerto in D Major (Hess 15) ........................................... 175 Summary .............................................................................................................. 178 Chapter 6—Multi-Movement Plans from 1815 to 1824 .......................................... 180 6.1—1815-16 ....................................................................................................... 180 Unfinished Symphony of 1815/16 ................................................................... 181 Op. 101 ............................................................................................................. 183 Unfinished Piano Trio in F Minor .................................................................... 187 6.2—The ‘Hammerklavier’ Sonata and Unfinished Symphony of 1817/18 ....... 192 ‘Hammerklavier’ Sonata op 106 ...................................................................... 192 Unfinished Symphony of 1817/18 ................................................................... 198 6.3—The Sonatas opp. 109, 110 and 111 ............................................................ 199 Op. 109 ............................................................................................................. 199 Op. 110 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