CROTON WATER TREATMENT PLANT DRAFT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND AND SITING ALTERNATIVES ............................. 1 1.1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE CROTON WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM .............................. 4 1.2.1. Existing Croton Water Supply Users...................................................................... 4 1.2.1.1. Upstate Users .................................................................................................. 4 1.2.1.2. New York City Users...................................................................................... 4 1.3. NEED FOR THE PROJECT .......................................................................................... 6 1.4. BACKGROUND TO THE PROJECT ......................................................................... 10 1.4.1. Consent Decree ..................................................................................................... 11 1.4.2. 1999 Croton Water Treatment Plant..................................................................... 12 1.4.3. Supplement to the Consent Decree....................................................................... 13 1.4.4. 2003 Croton WTP EIS.......................................................................................... 13 1.4.5. State Legislature’s Approval of Park Alienation.................................................. 13 1.5. SITE SELECTION ....................................................................................................... 14 1.5.1. Site Screening ....................................................................................................... 14 1.5.2. Selection of the Proposed Project ......................................................................... 16 1.5.2.1. Disadvantages of the Eastview Site .............................................................. 16 1.5.2.2. Advantages of the Eastview Site................................................................... 17 1.5.2.3. Disadvantages of the Mosholu Site............................................................... 17 1.5.2.4. Advantages of the Mosholu Site................................................................... 18 1.5.2.5. Disadvantages of the Harlem River Site....................................................... 18 1.5.2.6. Advantages of the Harlem River Site ........................................................... 19 1.5.3. Site Comparison.................................................................................................... 20 2. SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT.................................................................... 22 2.1. WATER TREATMENT PROCESS............................................................................. 22 2.1.1. Treatment Chemicals ............................................................................................ 26 2.1.2. Electrical Power.................................................................................................... 27 2.2. EASTVIEW WATER TREATMENT PLANT SITE .................................................. 28 2.2.1. Raw Water Conveyance and Pumping ................................................................. 29 2.2.2. Treated Water Conveyance and Pumping............................................................. 29 2.2.3. Interim/Permanent Backup System....................................................................... 34 2.2.4. Long Term Treated Water Conveyance Alternatives ........................................... 34 2.2.4.1. New Croton Aqueduct .................................................................................. 34 2.2.4.2. Kensico-City Tunnel..................................................................................... 36 2.2.5. Emergency Bypass and Blow-Off ........................................................................ 37 2.3. MOSHOLU SITE ......................................................................................................... 38 2.3.1. Raw Water Conveyance and Pumping ................................................................. 38 2.3.2. Treated Water Conveyance and Pumping............................................................. 43 2.3.3. Emergency Bypass................................................................................................ 43 2.4. HARLEM RIVER SITE ............................................................................................... 43 2.4.1. Raw Water Conveyance and Pumping ................................................................. 44 2.4.2. Treated Water Conveyance and Pumping............................................................. 44 2.4.3. Emergency Bypass................................................................................................ 48 2.5. OFF-SITE FACILITIES ............................................................................................... 48 CROTON WATER TREATMENT PLANT DRAFT SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2.5.1. New Croton Aqueduct .......................................................................................... 50 2.5.1.1. 1890 Croton Gate House............................................................................... 50 2.5.1.2. New Croton Aqueduct Shaft No. 9............................................................... 51 2.5.2. Jerome Park Reservoir .......................................................................................... 53 2.5.2.1. Gate House No. 7.......................................................................................... 53 2.5.2.2. Gate House No. 5.......................................................................................... 54 2.5.2.3. New Croton Aqueduct Shaft No. 21............................................................. 54 2.5.2.4. Gate House No. 6 / Microstrainer Building.................................................. 55 2.5.2.5. Gate House No. 3.......................................................................................... 55 2.5.2.6. Gate House No. 2.......................................................................................... 55 2.5.2.7. Jerome Pumping Station. .............................................................................. 56 2.6. CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULES AND COST ESTIMATES.................................... 56 3. SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTION................................................................................. 58 3.1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 58 3.2. POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE IMPACTS AND MITIGATION AT THE EASTVIEW SITE............................................................................................................ 59 3.2.1. Introduction........................................................................................................... 59 3.2.2. Neighborhood Character....................................................................................... 60 3.2.3. Traffic ................................................................................................................... 60 3.2.4. Noise ..................................................................................................................... 65 3.2.4.1. Mobile Source Noise..................................................................................... 65 3.2.4.2. Stationary Source Noise................................................................................ 66 3.2.5. Air Quality ............................................................................................................ 67 3.2.6. Historic and Archaeological Resources................................................................ 67 3.2.7. Natural and Water Resources................................................................................ 68 3.2.8. Public Health......................................................................................................... 69 3.3. POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE IMPACTS AND MITIGATION AT THE MOSHOLU SITE............................................................................................................. 70 3.3.1. Introduction........................................................................................................... 70 3.3.2. Traffic ................................................................................................................... 70 3.3.3. Noise ..................................................................................................................... 72 3.3.3.1. Mobile Source Noise..................................................................................... 73 3.3.3.2. Stationary Source Noise................................................................................ 73 3.3.4. Natural Resources ................................................................................................. 75 3.3.4.1. Vegetation and Trees .................................................................................... 75 3.3.4.2. Wetlands ....................................................................................................... 76 3.3.5. Public Health......................................................................................................... 78