Draft Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 50200-001 November 2016 Triconboston Wind Power Project (Pakistan) Prepared by Tricon Boston Consulting Corp. Pvt. Ltd. for the Asian Development Bank. The report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Integrated Environmental Examination and Cumulative Environmental & Social Impact Assessment 150 MW Wind Power Plant, Jhimpir, Sindh Tricon Boston Consulting Corp Pvt Ltd TRICON BOSTON CONSULTING CORP PVT LTD 150 MW WINDFARM PROJECT (3 x 50 MW Project A, B & C) AT JHIMPIR, THATTA, SINDH INTEGRATED INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION & CUMULATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (CESIA) REPORT 2016 0 Integrated Environmental Examination and Cumulative Environmental & Social Impact Assessment 150 MW Wind Power Plant, Jhimpir, Sindh Tricon Boston Consulting Corp Pvt Ltd Table of Contents Section# Titles Page # A List of Abbreviations 2 B Definitions 3 1 Executive Summary 8 2 Introduction and Purpose of Study 15 3 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 30 4 Baseline Condition 52 5 Project Description 94 6 Integrated Initial Environmental Examination 112 7 Site Selection Phase Environmental Impact Assessment 114 8 Project Design phase Environmental Impact Assessment 119 9 Construction Phase Environment Impact Assessment 122 10 Operational Phase Environment Impact Assessment 135 11 Decommissioning Phase Environment Impact Assessment 145 12 Project Neighborhood 147 13 Cumulative Impact Assessment 149 14 Environment Management and Monitoring Plan 167 15 EMP Cost Estimate 195 16 CSR Budget Allocation 197 17 Public Consultation 198 18 Analysis of Alternatives 206 19 Grievance Handling Mechanism 211 20 References 213 21 Annexures 216 21A Wind Turbine Residual Noise Impact Calculation Sheet 217 21B Shadow/Flickering Effect 219 21C Key Findings from Birds Monitoring Study 242 21D Initial Environmental Examination including Environmental Management Plan of 251 Project A 21E Social Due Diligence Report 442 1 Integrated Environmental Examination and Cumulative Environmental & Social Impact Assessment 150 MW Wind Power Plant, Jhimpir, Sindh Tricon Boston Consulting Corp Pvt Ltd Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank AEDB Alternate Energy & Development Board BOD Biological Oxygen Demand CDM Clean Development Mechanism CESIA Cumulative Environmental and Social Impact Assessment COD Chemical Oxygen Demand EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EIA Environment Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EP Equator Principle EPA Energy Purchase Agreement EPC Engineering, Procurement & Construction ESRP Environment & Social Review Procedure EWEA European Wind Energy Association IEE Initial Environmental Examination IFC International Finance Corporation (World Bank Group) IIEE Integrated Initial Environmental Examination NEPRA National Electric Power Regulatory Authority NEQS National Environmental Quality Standard NTDC National Transmission & Dispatch Company O&M Operation and Maintenance OPIC Overseas Private Investment Corporation PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency PEPC Pakistan Environmental Protection Council SDPI Sustainable Development Policy Institute SEPA Sindh Environmental Protection Agency SS Suspended Solids TBCCPL Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation Pvt Ltd VEC Valued Environmental and Social Component WWF World Wide Fund 2 Integrated Environmental Examination and Cumulative Environmental & Social Impact Assessment 150 MW Wind Power Plant, Jhimpir, Sindh Tricon Boston Consulting Corp Pvt Ltd Definitions Act means the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and Sindh Environmental Protection Agency Act 2014 Aesthetic Value/Aesthetic Quality beauty or landscape (of an area) Anthropogenic ‐ Made or generated by a human or caused by human activity. The term is used in the context of global climate change to refer to gaseous emissions that are the result of human activities, as well as other potentially climate‐altering activities, such as deforestation. Carbon Dioxide ‐ A colorless, odorless noncombustible gas with the formula CO2 that is present in the atmosphere. It is formed by the combustion of carbon and carbon compounds (such as fossil fuels and biomass) and by respiration, which is a slow combustion in animals and plants, and by the gradual oxidation of organic matter in the soil Chemical Energy ‐ Energy stored in a substance and released during a chemical reaction such as burning wood, coal, or oil. Cumulative Effects ‐ A project’s effect on the environment combined with the effects of projects and activities (past, existing or imminent). These may occur over a certain period of time or distance. Contamination introduction of impurities in the environment Deforestation ‐ The net removal of trees from forested land. Electricity Generation ‐ The process of producing electric energy or the amount of electric energy produced by transforming other forms of energy, commonly expressed in kilowatt‐hours (kWh) or megawatt hours (MWh). Emission ‐ A discharge or something that is given off; generally used in regard to discharges into the air; or, releases of gases to the atmosphere from some type of human activity (cooking, driving a car, etc). In the context of global climate change, they consist of greenhouse gases (e.g., the release of carbon dioxide during fuel combustion 3 Integrated Environmental Examination and Cumulative Environmental & Social Impact Assessment 150 MW Wind Power Plant, Jhimpir, Sindh Tricon Boston Consulting Corp Pvt Ltd Environment‐ The components of the earth including (a) Land, water and air, including all layers of the atmosphere; (b) All organic and inorganic matter and living organisms; and (c) The interacting natural systems that include components referred to in (a) and (b). Environmental Component ‐ A fundamental element of the natural and human environment, such as air, water, soil, terrain, vegetation, wildlife, fish, avifauna and land use. Environmental Effect ‐ With respect to a project, any change that the project may cause in the environment, including any changes to health and socio‐ economic conditions, physical and cultural heritage, and current land and resources used for traditional purposes by Aboriginal persons. Also included are changes to any structure or site that is of historical, archaeological, paleontological or architectural significance, and any change to the project that may be caused by the environment Environmental Assessment a technique and a process by which information about the environmental effects of a project is collected, both by the developer and from other sources, and taken into account by the planning authority in forming their judgments on whether the development should go ahead. Environmental Management to carry out the developmental activities in sustainable manner Global Warming ‐ An increase in the near surface temperature of the Earth. Global warming has occurred in the distant past as the result of natural influences, but the term is today most often used to refer to the warming some scientists predict will occur as a result of increased anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse Effect ‐ The effect of the Earth's atmosphere, due to certain gases, in trapping heat from the sun; the atmosphere acts like a greenhouse. Greenhouse Emissions ‐ Waste gases given off by industrial and power plants, automobiles and other processes. Greenhouse Gases ‐ Gases that trap the heat of the sun in the Earth's atmosphere, producing the greenhouse effect. The two major greenhouse gases are water vapor and carbon dioxide. Lesser greenhouse gases include methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrogen oxides. 4 Integrated Environmental Examination and Cumulative Environmental & Social Impact Assessment 150 MW Wind Power Plant, Jhimpir, Sindh Tricon Boston Consulting Corp Pvt Ltd Grid ‐ The layout of an electrical distribution system. Habitat the general place or physical environment in which a population lives Impact on Environment means any effect on land, water, air or any other component of the environment, as well as on wildlife harvesting, and includes any effect on the social and cultural environment or on heritage resources. Megawatt ‐ A unit of electrical power equal to 1000 kilowatts or one million watts. Methane ‐A colorless, flammable, odorless hydrocarbon gas (CH4) which is the major component of natural gas. It is also an important source of hydrogen in various industrial processes. Methane is a greenhouse gas. Mitigation ‐ With respect to a project, the elimination, reduction or control of adverse environmental effects, including restitution through replacement, restoration, compensation or any other means for any damage to the environment caused by such effects. Monitoring ‐ A continuing assessment of conditions at and surrounding the action taken with respect to a project. Monitoring determines whether effects occur as predicted, operations remain within acceptable limits and if mitigation measures are as effective as expected. Offshore ‐ The