T ESTATES OP TE GLARE FAMILY, 1066-1317 Jennifer Clare W&rd. Q7 17DEC1962 .2 THE ESTATP OP THE CURE FANILY, 1066 - 1317. ABSTRACT Throughout the early Middle Ages, the Clare earls of Hertford and. Gloucester were prominent figures on the political scene. Their position as baronial leaders was derived from their landed wealth, and was built up gradually over two hundred and fifty years. Richard I de Clare arrived in England in 1066 as a Norman adventurer, and was granted the honours of Tonbridge and Clare. The family more than doubled its laths during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, mainly by inheritance, the greatest acquisition being the honour of Gloucester in 1217. Only in the first half of the twelfth century was the honour an autonomous unit. In the honour of Clare, the earls relied on their own tenants as officials in the twelfth century, but in the thirteenth the administration was professional and bureaucratic. The earl's relations with his sub-tenants are unknown before the early fourteenth century; then, in contrast to other estates, the Clare honour-court was busy, strong and fairly efficient. In contrast to the honours of Clare and Gloucester, held of the king in chief, Tonbridge was held of the archbishop of Canterbury, and the relationship between archbishop and earl was the subject of several disputes. As to franchises, the earl exercised the highest which he possessed in England at Tonbridge; elsewhere he appropriated franchises on a large scale during the Barons' Wars of 1258-1265, but most of these were surrendered as a result of Edward I's quo warranto proceedings. 3 In the thirteenth century, the Clare earls of Gloucester were important Marcher lords. They strengthened their anthority in Glamorgan by expelling most of the Welsh princes in northern Glainorgau, and they long avoided royal interference in their liberties. Nevertheless, in the notorious case of the earls of Hereford and Gloucester in 1291-2, Ed.vard I temporarily succeeded in bre%king down March custom. 4 C OTENTS page Ab stract 2 List of Maps 5 List of Abbreviations 6 Public Record Office reference numbers 9 Introduction. The Clare Family. 10 Chapter I. The Estates of the Clare Family in Domesday Book, with special reference to the demesne lands. 28 Chapter II. The Expansion of the Estates in England and Ireland, lO86-l3l1-. 59 Chapter III. The Honour of Clare: I. The central administration and demesne manors. 105 Chapter IV. The Honour of Clare: II. Subinfeudation, with special reference to the honour court in the early fourteenth century. 135 hapter V. The Franchises of the Honours of Clare and Gloucester. 181 Appendix: Franchisal Payments in the Hundred of Chadlington. 207 Chapter VI. The Honour and BanLieu of Tonbridge, 1086-13 17. 209 Chapter VII. The Estates in South Wales. 23k Conclusion. The Earls and. their Estates. 280 page Appendix I. The Estates ot Gilbert V de Clare, earl of gloucester and Hertford, in 1314. 29O Part I. Dethesne Manors: A. In England. 291 B. In Wales, 296 C. In Ireland. 29& Part II. Knights' Pees: A. In England. 300 B, In Wales. 335 C. In Ireland. 339 Appendix H. Private Hundreds held by Gilbert V in 1314.. 342 Appendix III. Advowsons held by Gilbert V in 1314. 344 App endi :ri. Honerial Officials on the Clare. Estates. 311.8 Bibliography. 353 List of Maps County Kilkenny 91 Banlieu of Tonbridge 222L Estatee in South Wa1es 237 Demesne Manors in England, 1,217-.13l4 I. In end pocket Genealogical Table II. In end pocket. LIST OP ABBREVIATIONS B.I.H.R. Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research B.)!. British Museum Brut y T. (Peniarth Brut I Tyvysogyon. Peniarth ). 20 version. !. 20) Ed.. T. Jones. (Board of Celtic Studies, History and Law Series, Xi) Brut y T. (Red Bk. Brut Y Tywysogyon. Red Book of Hergest version. of Hergest) Ed.. P. Jones. (Board of Celtic Studies, History and Law Series, XVI) Cal. Chanc. War. Calendar of Chancery Warrants Cal. Chart. R. Calendar of Charter Rolls Cal. Close . Calendar of Close Rolls Cal. Doe. Ireland Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland Cal. Fine R. Calendar of Pine Rolls Cal. Ing. p.m. Calendar of Iniuisitions post mortem Cal. Inn. Misc. Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous Cal. Justic. R. Ireland. Calendar of the Justiciary Rolls for Ireland. Cal. Lib. ft. Calendar of Liberate Rolls Cal. Pat. ft. Calendar of Patent Rolls Cal. Var. Chanc. R. Calendar of Chancery Rolls, Various Cant. and York Soc. Canterbury and. York Society Chrons. of Mw. I Chronicles of the reigns of Edward I and. and. Mv. II Edward II, ed.. V. St'ubbs. 2 vols. R.S. G.T. Clark, Cartae Cartae et alia munimenta guae ad. dominium de Glamorgancia pertinent, by G.T. Clark. Ed.. G.L. Clark. 6 vols. (1910) Close ft. Close Rolls -7 Complete Peerage, G.E.C. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland., Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant, by G.E.C. New edition, ed.. V. Gibbs, and LA. Doubleday. (1910-59) Diceto The Historical Works of Master Ralph de Diceto, dean of London, ed. V. Stubbs1 2 vole. R.S. Dom. Bk. Liber Censualis vocatus Domesday Book. I, II, ed. A. Parley; III, ed. H. Ellis (Rec. Corn.) EJLR. English Historical Review Econ. H.R. Economic History Review Feudal Aids Inquisitions and. Assessments relating to Feudal Aids Florence of Worcester Florentii Vigorniensis monachi chronicon cx chronicis, ed. B. Thorpe. 2 vole. English Historical Society Flores Historiarum Flores Historiarum, ed. H.R. Luard, 3 vole. R.S. Gervase of Canterbury The Chronicle of the reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I, by Gerv-ase the monk of Canterbury, ed. V. Stubbs. 2 vole. R.S. Gesta. Regis Henrici Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi Benedicti Abbatis. Secund.i The Chronicle of the Reigns of Henry II and. Richard I. 1169-1192. Ed.. V. Stubbs. 2 vols. LS. Hovedene Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Hovedepg, ed. V. Stubbs. 4 vole. R.S. Materials for Hist. Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, of Becket archbishop of Canterbury, ed. J.C. Robertson. 7 vole. LS. Non. Ang. Monastieon Anglicanum, by V. Dugdale. Edition by J. Ca.ley, H. Ellis, and B. Bandinel P.R.0. Public Record Office Paris, Chronica Majora Matthaei Parisiensis, monachi Sancti .&lbani, Chronica Majora, ed. H.R. Luard.. 7 vole. R.S. 8 Pan. Writs Parliamentary Writs and Writs of Nilitary Summons, ed. P. Paigrave. Eec. Comm. Pat. R. Patent Rolls Pipe R. The Great Roll of the Pipe Plac. Abbrev. Placitorum in Domo Capitulani Vestmonasteriensi asservatorum AJbreviatio, Richard I - Edward II. Ed. G. Rose and V. Illingw-orth. Eec. Comm. Plac. de Quo War. Placita de Quo Varranto, ed. V. Illingworth and J. Caley. Eec. Comm. R. S. Rolls Series Eec. Comm. Record Commission Rishanger Villelmi Rishanger Chronica et Annales, 1259-1307, ed.. H.T. Riley. R.S. Rot • Chart. (Eec. Comm.) Rotuli Cha.rtarum in Turn Londinensi asservati, 1199-1216, ad. T.D. Hardy. Eec. Comm. Rot. Thmd. Rotuli Hundredorum, ad. V. Illingworth and. J. Caley. 2 vols. Eec. Comm. Rot. Lit. Claus. Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum in Turn Londinensi asservati, ad. T.D. Hardy. 2 vols. Eec. Comm. Rot. Pan. Rotuli Panliamentorum T.R. fist. S. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society Trivet Pratris Nicholai Tniveti Annales Sex Reguin .Angliae, 1136-1307, ed. T. Hog. English Historical Society V.C.H. Victoria County History Roger of Vendover Rogeri de Vendover Chronica sive Plores Eistoniarum, ad. 11.0. Coxe. English Historical Society q Public Record Office Reference Numbers C.47 Chancery Miscellanea. C.81 Chancery Varrants C. 132-4 Chancery Inquisitions post mortem, Henry III - Edward II C. 146 Ancient Deeds, Series C C.P.25 (i) Feet of Pines D.L.29 Duchy of Lancaster Ministers' Accounts D.L.30 Duchy of Lancaster Court Rolls E. 142 Ancient Extents (Exchequer) E.159 King's Remembrancer Memoranda Roll S.C.' Ancient Correspondence S.C.2 Court Rolls (General Series) S.C.6 Ministers' Accounts (General Series) S.C.8 Ancient Petitions S.C.11 Rentals and Survey-s (General Series) I0 INTRO]IJCTIONz THE CLARE PANILT The dare family ranks among the greatest gliah baronial houses of th. early Middle Ages. After the Norman Conquest, Richard son of Count Gilbert, th, founder ef the family, and his ions rose rapidly to wealth end power. By tb. earLy twelfth century, the family held lands in eastern igland, South Vales and Normandy, and their estates were extended further in the late twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Most of tb. younger branches of th. family soon died. out, and their lands often passed into other families through th. marriage of heiresses; but th. eldest branch, the lords of Clare, 'with whom alone this thesis is concerned, continued to increase in wealth and influence until Gilbert V fell at Bannockburn in 1314, By the early fourt..nth century, the Clar.s were one of the few survivors of the powerful families of the Norman age. They were always in the forefront of polities, better known for their opposition to the Crown than for ioyai service. Occasionally the younger members of the family were the most prominent, notably in the twelfth century when the Clare earls of Pembroke, Gilbert and Richard Strongbow, played an 1. Accounts of the eldest branch of the family and of the Clare earls of Pembroke are given in the Dictionary of National Biography (1908) IV, pp. 375-83, 389-97, and in Complete Peerage, G.E.C. (1910-59) III, pp. 242-6; Y, pp. 694-715; VI, pp.