New Physics with Exotic or Long-lived Signatures SEARCH Workshop Oxford University ΛQCD' (GeV) 1 2 3 4 5 2000 50 � /� = � UK �� � 40 30 1000 ) 2. September 2016 ) 20 GeV GeV ( ( T B m 500 m 10 David Curtin 200 10 20 30 40 University of Maryland m200m0 (GeV) 100m 20m Surface Detector 100m (side view) Exotic Physics vs Exotic Signatures Exotic Physics vs Exotic Signatures Obviously some overlap… However: “mainstream” theories are so for good reasons, but how “exotic” a theory is changes with TIME and DATA! ~~ ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~~ ~ ∼ t t production, t → b f f' χ∼ / t → c χ∼ / t → W b χ∼ / t → t χ∼ Status: ICHEP 2016 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 pp → gg, g → bb χ1 ICHEP 2016 600 1800 ATLAS Preliminary s=13 TeV -1 ~ 0 ~ 0 -1 Preliminary 12.9 fb (13 TeV) t → t ∼χ / t → W b ∼χ t0L 13.2 fb [CONF-2016-077] CMS [GeV] 1 1 1 1 0 1 ~ 0 -1 miss ∼ χ t → t ∼χ t1L 13.2 fb [CONF-2016-050] 1600 1 1 [GeV] SUS-16-014 (H ) 500 0 1 T Expected m ~ ∼0 -1 ∼ χ t → W b χ 1 1 t2L 13.3 fb [CONF-2016-076] SUS-16-015 (MT2) ~ 0 Observed t c ∼ MJ 3.2 fb-1 [1604.07773] m 1→ χ 1400 SUS-16-016 (αT) 1 s=8 TeV, 20 fb-1 Run 1 [1506.08616] 400 1200 Observed limits Expected limits All limits at 95% CL 1000 300 W t + m 0 ) < m b 0 ) < 0 ∼ 1 ,χ 800 ∼χ 1 ~ t 1 , 0 ) < m ~ t 1 ∼χ 1 m( ~ , m( t 1 ∆ ∆ ∼0 m( 200 c χ ∆ 600 1 0 b f f' ∼χ 400 1 100 0 200 W b ∼ χ1 0 0 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 ~ ~ mt [GeV] mg [GeV] 1 Exotic Physics vs Exotic Signatures LHC detectors are designed for final states that are familiar from our high-energy exploration of the SM: - QCD jets - leptons - photons - b-quarks with ~mm decays Exotic Physics vs Exotic Signatures LHC detectors are designed for final states that are familiar from our high-energy exploration of the SM: - QCD jets - leptons - photons - b-quarks with ~mm decays What is an exotic signature? “Reach” for New Physics in every direction! Anything not that. Mass This mostly involves long-lived BSM states. TeV - Long-Lived Particle (LLP) mh - macroscopic states (quirks) μm = 10-6m 10m 107m lifetime -7 - fireballs (black holes, ..) (prompt) 10 s 0.1 s c� (m) Exotic Physics vs Exotic Signatures LHC detectors are designed for final states that are familiar from our high-energy exploration of the SM: - QCD jets - leptons - photons - b-quarks with ~mm decays What is an exotic signature? “Reach” for New Physics in every direction! Anything not that. Mass This mostly involves long-lived BSM states. TeV - Long-Lived Particle (LLP) mh - macroscopic states (quirks) Focus of this talk. μm = 10-6m 10m 107m lifetime -7 - fireballs (black holes, ..) (prompt) 10 s 0.1 s c� (m) Exotic Physics vs Exotic Signatures LHC detectors are designed for final states that are familiar from our high-energy exploration of the SM: Mostly weak scale physics. - QCD jets - leptons - photons - b-quarks with ~mm decays Many other dedicated experiments for very light LLPs (SHiP, beamdumps, etc…) What is an exotic signature? “Reach” for New Physics Anything not that. in every direction! We want to make sure we don’t Mass missThis anything mostly while involves the LHC is running! long-lived BSM states. TeV - Long-Lived Particle (LLP) mh - macroscopic states (quirks) Focus of this talk. μm = 10-6m 10m 107m lifetime -7 - fireballs (black holes, ..) (prompt) 10 s 0.1 s c� (m) Outline 1. Theories with LLPs (From Vanilla to “Exotic”) 2. Charged LLPs (Long lifetimes are “easy”) 3. Neutral LLPs (Long lifetimes are difficult) 4. The MATHUSLA Experiment (Hunting for the oldest particle in the Bible BSM theories!) Theories with LLPs (just a few examples) Generalities A state is long-lived if it can only decay via: To observe at the - a small coupling (approx symmetry?) LHC, produce via - a high-scale operator ↔ heavy messengers etc different operator - small phase space (small mass splittings) than decay! Dark Sectors e.g. Dienes, Su, Thomas 204.4183 Hidden Valleys Dynamical Dark Matter Multi-component Dark Matter SUSY Asymmetric Dark Matter Kaplan, Luty, Zurek 0901.4117 Baryogenesis E.g. late-time decay of meta-stable WIMPs Cui, Sundrum 1212.2973 Neutrino Masses RH Neutrino can easily be long-lived at low mass / small mixing. Antusch, Cazzato, Fischer 1604.02420 Batell, Pospelov, Shuve 1604.06099 Supersymmetry Supersymmetry RPV Couplings generically small (proton decay, flavor violation…) Can be generated dynamically → LLPs generic! Csaki, Kuflik, Volansky, 1309.5957 Csaki, Kuflik, Slone, Volansky, 1502.03096 Mini-Split Heavy sfermions, loop-suppressed gaugino masses. Not entirely natural, but get DM, GUT Arvanitaki, Craig, Dimopoulos, Villadoro 1210.0555 Arkani-Hamed, Gupta, Kaplan, Weiner, Zoraski 1212.6971 Gauge Mediation Minimal versions disfavored by Gravitino LSP Higgs mass but non-minimal ~ “kinked Long-lived � → � + G versions can still be attractive track” 0 (calculable, no flavor problem). Long-lived � → Υ + g Even Vanilla SUSY can be lousy with long- lived states. But SUSY is becoming increasingly constrained. This motivates non-minimal versions (e.g. Stealth SUSY) which can also contain LLPs… Fan, Reece, Rudermann 1105.5135, etc … as well as qualitatively different perspectives on Naturalness… Neutral Naturalness (See also Riccardo’s talk.) Uncolored Top Partners In SUSY or Little Higgs theories, symmetry which protects the Higgs commutes with SM color → colored top partners → make lots @ LHC! Can “twist” the theory so that the low-energy top parters are related to tops by an additional discrete symmetry transformation which does not commute with color. continuous symmetry discrete top quark t SM COLOR symmetry NEUTRAL! top partner T Folded SUSY (EW-charged stops), Twin Higgs (SM singlet T-partners) hep-ph/0609152 Burdman, Chacko, Goh, Harnik hep-ph/0506256 Chacko, Goh, Harnik Uncolored Top Partners 1. Uncolored top partners avoid LHC constraints! 2. New BSM QCD’ gauge force! Naturalness motivation for Hidden Valleys! LLPs in Neutral Naturalness Scenario with Simplest Pheno: top partners (FSUSY, QLH, some FTH) maybe other states QCD’ glueballs < ~ 60 GeV Higgs talks to mirror glue via top partner loops: H top partners Craig, Katz, Strassler, Sundrum 1501.05310 DC, Verhaaren 1506.06141 LLPs in Neutral Naturalness Can produce lots of glueballs in Glueballs are LLPs! Exotic Higgs Decays: visible Higgs mirror mirror SM glueball max m0 = 10 GeV glueball κ 0.010 top = m0 = 40 GeV κ partners for 0.001 m0 = 60 GeV ) ++ ++ 0 Log10cτ (meters) of 0 glueball ++ -4 0 10 2000 7 0 -1 → 3 h mirror ( 2 Br 4 glueball 10-5 2500 200 400 600 800 1000 1 ] m∼(GeV) 1500 ] t 2000 Quirky Top Partner Production: -2 emission of soft Twin Higgs photons / glueballs Folded SUSY 1500 6 SM 1000 )[ )[ 5 T pair GeV ( production GeV ( T via DY or h* t (PERTURBATIVE) 1000 m = m -3 T slow Ts p p shower & hadronize 500 (s)quirkonium into two DARK de-excitation T GLUEBALL JETS -4 500 T annihilation to hard mirror gluons -5 (PERTURBATIVE) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 see also Emerging Jets m0 (GeV) (Schwaller, Stolarski, Weiler) Craig, Katz, Strassler, Sundrum 1501.05310 DC, Verhaaren 1506.06141 Chacko, DC, Verhaaren 1512.05782 LLPs in Neutral Naturalness Can produce lots of glueballs in Glueballs are LLPs! Exotic Higgs Decays: visible Higgs mirror mirror SM glueball max m0 = 10 GeV glueball κ 0.010 top = m0 = 40 GeV κ partners for 0.001 m0 = 60 GeV ) ++ ++ 0 Log10cτ (meters) of 0 glueball ++ -4 0 10 2000 7 0 -1 → 3 h mirror ( 2 Br 4 glueball 10-5 2500 200 LLPs400 can600 be800 the1000 smoking gun 1of ] m∼(GeV) 1500 ] t 2000 Quirky Top Partner Production:naturalness. -2 emission of soft Twin Higgs photons / glueballs Folded SUSY 1500 6 SM 1000 )[ )[ 5 T pair GeV ( production GeV ( T via DY or h* t (PERTURBATIVE) 1000 m = m -3 T slow Ts p p shower & hadronize 500 (s)quirkonium into two DARK de-excitation T GLUEBALL JETS -4 500 T annihilation to hard mirror gluons -5 (PERTURBATIVE) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 see also Emerging Jets m0 (GeV) (Schwaller, Stolarski, Weiler) Craig, Katz, Strassler, Sundrum 1501.05310 DC, Verhaaren 1506.06141 Chacko, DC, Verhaaren 1512.05782 Searches for Charged LLPs (includes long-lived BSM hadrons if they make it out of the tracker) Charged LLPs Charged LLPs They’re not invisible!!! Charged LLPs They’re not invisible!!! muon triggers anomalous dE/dX (high or low) time-of-flight track curvature deposition and decay kinked tracks disappearing tracks Searches get easier the longer they live. Limits Already some results with 13/fb @ 13 TeV Long lifetime ➝ stable limits (best) Covering all Possibilities? Current Searches: CMS charged/hadronic LLP search, including q = 1/3 - 8 e ATLAS charged/hadronic LLP search ATLAS searches q = 2 - 6e , for monopoles, and for q =10 - 60 e ATLAS & CMS disappearing tracks searches ATLAS & CMS search for out-of-time decays of stopped particles LHCb Opportunity? “kinked” + “disappearing” tracks @ ATLAS/CMS ➝ kinked tracks @ LHCb VELO is as close as 0.1cm from beam, without B-field! Missing at ATLAS/CMS: ~ - Kinked Tracks (e.g. � NLSP) - Anomalous curvature (macroscopic quirks) - stable low mass, low charge LLP search? Milli-charged Particles MilliQan Approaching the “neutral LLP” Haas, Hill, zero-charge-limit Izaguirre, drastically decreases sensitivity.