See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/260806251 Effects of adrenoceptor compounds on larval metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus coruscus ARTICLE in AQUACULTURE · APRIL 2014 Impact Factor: 1.83 · DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.02.019 CITATIONS DOWNLOADS VIEWS 2 64 68 7 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Jin-Long Yang Yi-Feng Li Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai Ocean University 19 PUBLICATIONS 138 CITATIONS 8 PUBLICATIONS 42 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Available from: Jin-Long Yang Retrieved on: 11 September 2015 This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights Author's personal copy Aquaculture 426–427 (2014) 282–287 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Aquaculture journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aqua-online Effects of adrenoceptor compounds on larval metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus coruscus Jin-Long Yang a,b,c,d,⁎, Wu-Shuang Li a, Xiao Liang a, Yi-Feng Li a,Yu-RuChena,Wei-YangBaoe,Jia-LeLia a College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China b Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China c Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China d Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Shanghai Ocean University Aquatic Animal Breeding Center (ZF1206), Shanghai 201306, China e Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China article info abstract Article history: The metamorphosis responses of mussel (Mytilus coruscus) larvae to adrenoceptor compounds were investigated Received 3 October 2013 through a series of bioassays. The adrenergic agonist, epinephrine, as a positive control, exhibited significant Received in revised form 1 February 2014 inducing activity. Phenylephrine and clonidine induced larval metamorphosis at 10−6 to 10−4 M concentrations Accepted 11 February 2014 − in both 24-h and continuous exposure assays. Dobutamine induced larval metamorphosis at 10 5 Minthe24-h Available online 26 February 2014 exposure assays, and the percentage of larval metamorphosis was very low (b5%). Methoxyphenamine exhibited inducing activity at 10−4 M in the continuous exposure assays, and the percentage of larval metamorphosis was Keywords: fi Mytilus coruscus 8%. No larval mortality was observed for these ve agonists at all concentrations tested. Among these antagonists, α Larval metamorphosis 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist chlorpromazine and amitriptyline showed by far the most promising Adrenoceptor inhibiting effects, indicating that G-protein-coupled α1-adrenoceptors may be involved in the process of larval Agonists metamorphosis in M. coruscus.Theα2-adrenergic receptor antagonist idazoxan also inhibited the larval Antagonists metamorphosis of M. coruscus, indicating that larval metamorphosis may also be mediated by G-protein- Chemical cue coupled α2-adrenoceptors. Atenolol and butoxamine also inhibited larval metamorphosis induction by epinephrine. Thus, these adrenergic agonists can be used as non-toxic and promising inducers of larval metamor- phosis in this species, and to improve M. coruscus larval production for aquaculture. The present study provides a novel insight into the mechanism modulating the metamorphosis of larvae of the mussel M. coruscus. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Paul, 2001; Tebben et al., 2011). To date, fully characterized chemical cues have been conducted in only a few cases (Dreanno et al., 2006; Many marine invertebrates possess a planktonic larval phase pre- Pawlik, 1986; Tebben et al., 2011; Yvin et al., 1985). Therefore, some ceding a benthic adult phase (Crisp, 1974; Thorson, 1950). Larvae of scientists switched their focus to commercially available chemicals these marine invertebrates must recognize exogenous cues prior to including some pharmaceutical compounds that have been proposed their settlement and metamorphosis (Crisp, 1974; Hadfield, 2011; to be potentially useful inducers or inhibitors (Alfaro et al., 2011; Hadfield and Paul, 2001; Morse, 1990). Chemical cues have been Grant et al., 2013; Rittschof et al., 2003; Yang et al., 2008, 2011; Young known to play an important role in the process of larval settlement et al., 2011). and metamorphosis (Hadfield and Paul, 2001; Hay, 2009; Paul et al., Commercial pharmaceutical compounds are often well-characterized, 2011; Pawlik, 1992). target-specific substances with known pharmacological profiles in In the marine environment, natural chemical cues originate from vertebrates, clear chemical-synthesis pathways, and an alternative various resources such as biofilms (Bao et al., 2007; Ganesan et al., supply source (Rittschof et al., 2003). The use of G-protein-coupled 2010; Hadfield, 2011; Wang et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2013a), macroalgae receptor (GPCR) agonists and antagonists to elucidate a signaling (Huggett et al., 2005; Walters et al., 1996; Yang et al., 2007), conspecifics pathway can be a powerful tool for determining the signaling interac- (Clare, 2011; Dreanno et al., 2006). Despite the importance of chemical tions upon treatment with the compound of interest (Clare et al., cues for larval settlement and metamorphosis, the complete chemical 1995; Dahlström et al., 2000; Qian et al., 2013; Tran and Hadfield, identity of these natural inducers is poorly understood (Hadfield and 2012; Yamamoto et al., 1996; Yang et al., 2011). GPCR agonists and antagonists have been tested for their inductive and inhibitive activities against larval settlement and metamorphosis of many marine in- ⁎ Corresponding author at: College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China. Tel.: +86 21 61900440; fax: +86 21 61900405. vertebrates, e.g. Balanus amphitrite (Dahms et al., 2004; Yamamoto E-mail address: [email protected] (J.-L. Yang). et al., 1996, 1998), Balanus improvisus (Dahlström et al., 2000, 2005), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.02.019 0044-8486/© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Author's personal copy J.-L. Yang et al. / Aquaculture 426–427 (2014) 282–287 283 Bugula neritina (Dahms et al., 2004; Yu et al., 2007), Hydroides elegans clonidine, dobutamine, methoxyphenamine, chlorphromazine, amitrip- (Dahms et al., 2004), and Halocordyle disticha (Edwards et al., 1987). tyline, idazoxan, atenolol and butoxamine are shown in Table 1. Stock For molluscs, larvae of the oyster Crassostrea gigas were induced to solutions of epinephrine, atenolol and butoxamine were prepared by metamorphose by cirazoline, epinephrine and phenylephrine (Coon dissolving this chemical in autoclaved filtered seawater (AFSW) with and Bonar, 1987). Epinephrine has also been demonstrated to induce 0.1 ml of 1 M HCl. Except for epinephrine, atenolol and butoxamine the larval metamorphosis of the clams Venerupis pullastra and Ruditapes stock, solutions of other chemicals tested were prepared by directly philippinarum (García-Lavandeira et al., 2005). On the other hand, the dissolving this substance in AFSW. Test solutions assayed were pre- larval metamorphosis of C. gigas could be inhibited by the GPCR agonist pared by diluting stock solutions in AFSW to desired concentrations chlorpromazine, prazosin and phentolamine (Coon and Bonar, 1987). (Table 1). All stock solutions and test solutions were prepared on the As with other marine invertebrates, the larval settlement and meta- same day of the assay. Tested concentrations used in the present inves- morphosis of the mussels can be also induced or inhibited by various tigation were chosen based on the previous bioassays on other mussel GPCR agonists (Alfaro et al., 2011; Dobretsov and Qian, 2003; species and an oyster (Alfaro et al., 2011; Coon and Bonar, 1987; Sánchez-Lazo et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2008, 2013b; Young et al., 2011) Satuito et al., 1999; Yang et al., 2008, 2011). and antagonists (Satuito et al., 1999; Yamamoto et al., 1998; Yang et al., 2011). Although a variety of commercially available compounds 2.3. Larval metamorphosis bioassays were identified in above-mentioned researches, molecular mechanisms of how these pharmacological compounds act have not been fully The inductive effects of different adrenergic agonists on larval meta- described (Qian et al., 2013; Sánchez-Lazo et al., 2012). morphosis were investigated following the methods of previous reports The mussel, Mytilus coruscus Gould, 1860, is a common species (Coon and Bonar, 1987; Satuito et al., 1999; Yang et al., 2008, 2013b). inhabiting the temperate zone along the coastal waters of East Asia Twenty pediveliger larvae were released in each glass Petri dish (Chang, 2007). In China, this species is one of the most heavily commer- (Ø 60 mm × 19 mm height) containing 20 ml of the chemical compound cially exploited marine bivalves, particularly within the Zhejiang Prov- solution in AFSW.