Vol 4 Issue 3 April 2014 ISSN No : 2230-7850 ORIGINAL ARTICLE International Multidisciplinary Research Journal Indian Streams Research Journal Executive Editor Editor-in-Chief Ashok Yakkaldevi H.N.Jagtap Welcome to ISRJ RNI MAHMUL/2011/38595 ISSN No.2230-7850 Indian Streams Research Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial board.Readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects. International Advisory Board Flávio de São Pedro Filho Mohammad Hailat Hasan Baktir Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, English Language and Literature University of South Carolina Aiken Department, Kayseri Kamani Perera Regional Center For Strategic Studies, Sri Abdullah Sabbagh Ghayoor Abbas Chotana Lanka Engineering Studies, Sydney Dept of Chemistry, Lahore University of Management Sciences[PK] Janaki Sinnasamy Catalina Neculai Librarian, University of Malaya University of Coventry, UK Anna Maria Constantinovici AL. I. Cuza University, Romania Romona Mihaila Ecaterina Patrascu Spiru Haret University, Romania Spiru Haret University, Bucharest Horia Patrascu Spiru Haret University, Delia Serbescu Loredana Bosca Bucharest,Romania Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Spiru Haret University, Romania Romania Ilie Pintea, Fabricio Moraes de Almeida Spiru Haret University, Romania Anurag Misra Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil DBS College, Kanpur Xiaohua Yang George - Calin SERITAN PhD, USA Titus PopPhD, Partium Christian Faculty of Philosophy and Socio-Political University, Oradea,Romania Sciences Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi ......More Editorial Board Pratap Vyamktrao Naikwade Iresh Swami Rajendra Shendge ASP College Devrukh,Ratnagiri,MS India Ex - VC. Solapur University, Solapur Director, B.C.U.D. Solapur University, Solapur R. R. Patil N.S. Dhaygude Head Geology Department Solapur Ex. Prin. Dayanand College, Solapur R. R. Yalikar University,Solapur Director Managment Institute, Solapur Narendra Kadu Rama Bhosale Jt. Director Higher Education, Pune Umesh Rajderkar Prin. and Jt. Director Higher Education, Head Humanities & Social Science Panvel K. M. Bhandarkar YCMOU,Nashik Praful Patel College of Education, Gondia Salve R. N. S. R. Pandya Department of Sociology, Shivaji Sonal Singh Head Education Dept. Mumbai University, University,Kolhapur Vikram University, Ujjain Mumbai Govind P. Shinde G. P. Patankar Alka Darshan Shrivastava Bharati Vidyapeeth School of Distance S. D. M. Degree College, Honavar, Karnataka Shaskiya Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, Dhar Education Center, Navi Mumbai Maj. S. Bakhtiar Choudhary Rahul Shriram Sudke Chakane Sanjay Dnyaneshwar Director,Hyderabad AP India. Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore Arts, Science & Commerce College, Indapur, Pune S.Parvathi Devi S.KANNAN Ph.D.-University of Allahabad Annamalai University,TN Awadhesh Kumar Shirotriya Secretary,Play India Play,Meerut(U.P.) Sonal Singh, Satish Kumar Kalhotra Vikram University, Ujjain Maulana Azad National Urdu University Address:-Ashok Yakkaldevi 258/34, Raviwar Peth, Solapur - 413 005 Maharashtra, India Cell : 9595 359 435, Ph No: 02172372010 Email: [email protected] Website: www.isrj.net Indian Streams Research Journal ISSN 2230-7850 Volume-4 | Issue-3 | April-2014 Available online at www.isrj.net WATER POLLUTION WITH CONSTRUCTIVE MEASURES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA Rajkumar Hosdodde Asst. Professor and Head , Department of Physics Government First Grade College, Manhalli Tq and Dist :Bidar (KS). Abstract:- Abundant, clean water is necessary for good health. Water pollution is a community problem. It is necessary not to let the industrial waste to find its way to natural waters (rivers, canals and seas) without proper treatment. There should not be any accumulation of garbage and excreta near a river or any source of water. This is to avoid any chance of the garbage flowing into the river during the rains. Dead bodies of humans and animals should not be thrown into the rivers. Bathing and washing near the river should be avoided. The water of rivers and lakes should be purified from time to time. Such a project should be undertaken by the industries and the government. The Ganga Purification Project is one of the projects undertaken by the Indian Government for the purification of the river Ganga. Also an attempt should be made to use those chemical fertilizers and pesticides that will decay on their own or get decomposed compounds. Substances that decay naturally are called biodegradable. A biodegradable compound can be broken down by bacterial action. Soap is a biodegradable compound. Pollution of existing water sources cause acute water shortage. We must protect our natural sources of water. We must find more efficient ways of producing fresh water from sea-water. Keywords:Water Pollution. India. Ganga and Yamuna. 1.INTRODUCTION Water is essential for life. No living being on the planet Earth can survive without it. The major part of water on earth is marine water which cannot be used without processing by human beings. The only available fresh water which could be used for drinking purposes from the ground water.Water quality is important in our lives because it is essential to support physiological activities of any biological cell. Water pollution may be defined as any impairment in its native characteristics by addition of anthropogenic contaminants to the extent that it either cannot serve to humans for drinking purposes and/or to support the biotic communities, such as fish. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater by human activities. All water pollution affects organisms and plants that live in these water bodies and in almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to the individual species but also to the natural biological communities. It occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful constituents. Water pollution is a major cause of global concern as it leads to onset of numerous fatal diseases [1] which is responsible for the death of over 14,000 people every day. The problem in developing countries is more alarming than that of industrialized nations. Water pollution has many causes and characteristics. Natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes cause the major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water. If the quality of water is changed by the presence of toxins, it becomes potentially harmful to these life forms, instead of sustaining them. 2. SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater. This may be defined in terms of the undesirable changes in the chemical and physical properties of water which are not favorable to all those living things utilizing water for their lives. There are two basic forms of water pollution firstly Changing the types and amounts of materials carried by water secondly, Altering the physical characteristics of a body of water [2]. Water pollution occurs in many forms, from a wide range of sources. Agriculture may contribute to water pollution from feedlots, pastures, and Rajkumar Hosdodde , “ WATER POLLUTION WITH CONSTRUCTIVE MEASURES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA” Indian Streams Research Journal | Volume 4 | Issue 3 | April 2014 | Online & Print 1 . Water Pollution With Constructive Measures With Special Reference To India croplands. Mining, petroleum drilling, and landfills may also be major sources of water pollution. Other water pollution sources, related to humans, are sanitary sewers, storm sewers, industry, and construction [3]. According to a report published in 1990 from the Environment Protection Agency (EPA), > 50% of the water pollution of streams and rivers occur due to leaching and mixing of chemicals from the agriculture practices [3]. Next highest source was municipal sources (about 12%). Groundwater contamination is from several sources (USGS Circular 1998), including agricultural activities, storage tank leakage, industrial waste, sewer and septic leakage, leaching from landfills, mining, and many other sources. Water pollution also occurs when a body of water is adversely affected due to the addition of large amounts of materials to the water. The sources of water pollution are categorized as being a point source or a non-source point of pollution. Point sources of pollution occur when the polluting substance is emitted directly into the waterway [4]. A pipe spewing toxic chemicals directly into a river is an example. A non- point source occurs when there is runoff of pollutants into a waterway, for instance when fertilizer and pesticide from a field is carried into a stream by surface run-off. 3. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING RIVER WATER QUALITY Due to environmental conditions river water quality varies. The rivers carry three major natural sources of dissolved and soluble matter namely the atmospheric inputs of material, the degradation of terrestrial organic matter and the weathering of surface rocks. These substances are carried through soil and porous rocks and finally reach the rivers. On their way, they are affected by recycling in terrestrial biota and storage in soils. As a result of these multiple sources and pathways,