ZETASIZER NANO Series PERFORMANCE, SIMPLICITY, VERSATILITY Performance, Simplicity, Versatility ZETASIZER NANO SERIES Research Performance, Operational Simplicity, Application Versatility The Zetasizer Nano series has been designed in the results is validated by the fact that with you and your requirements in mind. You 94 of the World’s top 100 universities have need a reliable system that gives consistently invested in a Malvern Zetasizer Nano*. good performance, that is easy to use, and covers your range of applications. From the top of the range Zetasizer systems incorporating Non-Invasive Backscatter (NIBS) For colloid, nanoparticle and macromolecule optics, to the affordable 90 degree scattering characterization, our customers tell us that systems, there is a Zetasizer suitable for every the Zetasizer Nano instruments are the most laboratory involved in the characterization of user-friendly systems available. As well as this nanoparticles, colloidal dispersions, polymer ease of use, the performance and confi dence and protein solutions. *Top 100 Universities: QS World University Rankings 2011 Key benefi ts of the Nano Series Technologies incorporated • Choice of technologies in a compact unit gives • Dual angle Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) exceptional versatility • Non-Invasive Back-Scatter (NIBS) • Simplicity of operation means minimal training • Static Light Scattering (SLS) and robust results • Electrophoretic Light Scattering (ELS) • High sensitivity for nanoparticles, proteins and macromolecules • Mixed mode measurement, phase analysis light scattering (M3-PALS) • Disposable zeta potential cuvette for fast, accurate and easy measurements There’s a Zetasizer Nano for • Microrheology • High optical quality and temperature control every application • Protein measurement software. ensures accuracy and repeatability • Shorten development time for colloid • Novel microrheology option to determine and emulsion formulations viscoelastic properties • Improve formulation stability • MPT-2 Autotitrator option for automated • Assess protein formulation stability trend measurements. • Explore protein aggregation and oligomerization state. 2 www.malvern.com Within our range, there’s a Zetasizer Nano designed especially for you Model Which system is right for your laboratory? Size Zeta Molecular Advanced Microrheology potential weight protein measurement Zetasizer Nano ZSP The premium system for the ultimate in colloid ●● ● ● optional and protein characterization Zetasizer Nano ZS The World’s most widely used DLS instrument ●● ● optional optional Zetasizer Nano S The model dedicated to size measurement ●● Zetasizer Nano Z The model dedicated to zeta potential measurement ● Zetasizer Nano ZS90 Entry-level system providing value and versatility ●● ● Zetasizer Nano S90 Entry-level size measurement system ●● 3 Performance, Simplicity, Versatility INTRODUCTION TO SIZE MEASUREMENT BY DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING (DLS) Why DLS is suitable for your application The technique is ideal for the measurement of the size of colloids, nanoparticles and molecules, without requiring agitation to make the sample suitable for analysis. From the size, an estimate of the molecular weight can be made, which has the benefi t of being faster to confi rm oligomeric state than size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Small particles Laser Sample Scattered light Correlation Size cuvette intensity function distribution Large particles Laser 4 www.malvern.com Measuring molecular size by DLS Benefi ts of using the Zetasizer Nano NIBS: The ultimate optics for series for DLS measurements DLS measurement The principle of dynamic light scattering is that fi ne particles and molecules that are • Research grade results with the ease of use The Zetasizer Nano ZSP, Nano ZS and Nano S of a routine system in constant random thermal motion, called all use the patented Non-Invasive Back-Scatter Brownian motion, diffuse at a speed related • Patented NIBS optics ensures exceptional (NIBS) technology which illuminates a larger performance to their size, smaller particles diffusing number of particles and uses effi cient fi bre • Sample measurement with little or no dilution faster than larger particles. The speed of detection, giving 100 times the sensitivity Brownian motion is also determined by the • Confi dence in results from unique data quality of conventional optics. Measuring a larger test and ‘Expert advice’ system temperature, therefore precision temperature number of particles eliminates number control is essential for accurate size • Operator independence ensured by highly fl uctuations, giving a more stable signal and automated analysis system measurement. signifi cantly increasing the largest particle size • Automation of temperature trends that can be measured. To measure the diffusion speed, the speckle • MPT-2 Autotitrator to automate pH and ionic pattern produced by illuminating the particles concentration trends. with a laser is observed. The scattering intensity at a specifi c angle will fl uctuate with time, and this is detected using a sensitive avalanche photodiode detector (APD). The intensity changes are analysed with a digital autocorrelator which generates a correlation function. This curve can be analysed to give the size and the size distribution. To produce high quality data, the Zetasizer Nano series is designed to provide optimized components at every stage in the measurement chain from the laser and temperature control, through to the optical design and detector. Focus on protein solutions One of the key application areas for the Zetasizer is the characterization of proteins in solution. • Molecular size and aggregation behaviour • Molecular weight by DLS and SLS • Second virial coeffi cient, A2, B22 • DLS interaction parameter, kD • Protein charge and iso-electric point, PI • Molecular conformation. 5 Performance, Simplicity, Versatility INTRODUCTION TO ZETA POTENTIAL AND PROTEIN CHARGE The importance of zeta potential Electrical double layer and protein charge How do you approach the development of a Diffuse layer Stern stable dispersion or assess product shelf life? Layer Do you run time consuming shelf tests? If so, there may be a better way to optimize sample stability and shelf life. The charge acquired by a particle or molecule Nanoparticle Slipping Plane in a given medium is its zeta potential and arises from the surface charge and the concentration and types of ions in the solution. Since particles of similar charge will repel each other, those with high charges will resist fl occulation and aggregation for longer periods making such samples more stable. This means that the stability can be modifi ed by altering the pH, the ionic concentration, the type of ions and by using additives such Surface Potential as surfactants and polyelectrolytes. Zeta Potential mV 0 Distance from particle surface Applications How we measure zeta potential • Reducing the development time for stable The charge or zeta potential of particles To improve the sensitivity and accuracy dispersions and protein solutions and molecules is determined by measuring of the measurements we use a technique • Understanding the reasons for a product their velocity while they are moving due called phase analysis light scattering (PALS). stability or instability, improving product to electrophoresis. Particles and molecules However PALS on its own only provides a shelf life that have a zeta potential will migrate mean zeta potential value, so our patented • Preventing protein aggregate formation towards an electrode if a fi eld is applied. M3-PALS multi-frequency measurement • Increasing protein concentration while The speed they move is proportional to the determines the mean and distribution during maintaining stability fi eld strength and their zeta potential. If we the same measurement. • Optimizing fl occulant dosage to reduce know the fi eld strength, we simply measure cost for water treatment. the speed of movement, using laser Doppler The whole measurement procedure is electrophoresis, and then apply established automated to simplify the measurement theories to calculate the zeta potential. process. 6 www.malvern.com Why measure zeta potential? The choices of materials used in a formulation may be restricted by regulations and also have an impact on cost. Knowledge of the zeta potential of particles in a formulation can be used to make logical choices about the chemistry of a formulation in order to select the most appropriate materials to provide stability and improve shelf life. Zeta potential can also be used to study the effect of formulation components on other bulk properties such as viscosity, in order to achieve lower viscosity at higher concentrations for example. Summary of benefi ts Why measurement of protein charge is useful • Fully disposable cell option to simplify Developing stable protein-based products, Measurement of the charge can provide measurement and ensure accuracy by such as protein therapeutics at high valuable information that assists with eliminating cross-contamination concentration, demands an understanding of improving a formulation in order to control • Automated measurement procedure – no interactions in a range of solvent conditions. these interactions, predict stability and operator judgement required – gives repeatable, improve shelf life. accurate results The charge on a protein is one of the • M3-PALS ensures an accurate zeta potential fundamental parameters that affects aspects distribution of protein behavior such as aggregation, • Simple to use software