American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research The Journal of the National Center Volume 2, Number 2 blhd b th tnl Cntr Unvrt f Clrd lth Sn Cntr prtnt f htr 4200 Et nth Avn nvr, Clrd 80262 ISS 084 American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research Copyright: Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health Colorado School of Public Health/University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (www.ucdenver.edu/caianh) EIOICIE SEO M. MASO, h OUA MAAGE EOA . AMUO ESEAC ASSOCIAES MOO EISE, M EO E. EY, h prtnt f htr prtnt f Anthrpl Unvrt f rth Clb Unvrt f Arzn II A. MAY, h OSE E. IME, h prtnt f Sl prtnt f hl Unvrt f Mx Wtrn Whntn Unvrt . AE WAKE, M A SIKWAKE, MS Alhl & r pndn rtnt Unt prtnt f hl rn Sttl trn Mdl Cntr & ptl Unvrt f Whntn EESA AOMOISE, h EAICE MEICIE, h Shl f Edtn prtnt f Anthrpl Stnfrd Unvrt Clfrn Stt Unvrt, rthrd GEOGE GUIME, h OSE WESEMEYE, M prtnt f Cprtv Sl prtnt f htr Unvrt f t Snd Unvrt f Mnnt O E OSE, h ICA SCU, h Arn Indn Std Cntr Cthdrl f rnn Unvrt f Clfrn, Anl Unvrt f ttbrh GEA . MOA, Ed OMA G. GES, h Cll f n & rl vlpnt prtnt f htr Unvrt f Al, rbn Orn lth Sn Unvrt OSE . OOM, M . AI KIIE, M prtnt f htr prtnt f htr Orn lth Sn Unvrt Orn lth Sn Unvrt WIIAM . SACK, M KE EIO prtnt f htr tv Arn Std rr Orn lth Sn Unvrt Unvrt f Mntn E UCE, h OY WIG, h prtnt f hl Indn Std rr Whntn Stt Unvrt Mntn Stt Unvrt GOO EIG, M AMES . SOE, M prtnt f htr prtnt f htr Unvrt f Clrd lth Sn Cntr Unvrt f Clrd lth Sn Cntr OA W. ECO, M AA E. AO, h prtnt f htr prtnt f htr Unvrt f Clrd lth Sn Cntr Unvrt f Clrd lth Sn Cntr C. OSE IE, h O EES, A hl Srv Grtr nvr Cnt Splvd trn Adntrtn Mdl Cntr Mntl lth Srv IAE . WIIS, h CAACE M. EMIG, h Chld Std Cntr prtnt f htr Olh lth Sn Cntr Unvrt f Clrd lth Sn Cntr OE AC0EEG, h SAA K. OOS, h prtnt f Anthrpl trn Adntrtn ptl Unvrt f Clrd rtlnd, Orn GACE OWESS SAGE, h AMES OEEI, M Mltltrl Cntr fr Cnln prtnt f htr & Cnt vlpnt Orn lth Sn Unvrt Unvrt f Clrd Sbrptn rt r $ (US rrn pr vl—nldn pr r pl n nnl nrph. M h pbl t: UCSCtnl Cntrrnl. Mll t tnl Cntr fr Arn Indn nd Al tv Mntl lth rh, Cp Ml x C24, 4200 Et nth Avn, nvr, Clrd 80262, Attn: rnl Mnr. ISS 084 4 88 h tnl Cntr fr Arn Indn nd Al tv Mntl lth rh nvr, Clrd All ht rvd American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research Copyright: Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health Colorado School of Public Health/University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (www.ucdenver.edu/caianh) American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research h rnl f th tnl Cntr l 2, br 2 Editorial 2 Biosketch 4 Ghost Illness: A Cross-Cultural Experience with the Expression of a Non-Western Tradition in Clinical Practice 6 Robert W. Putsch, III, MD The Fears of Navajo Children: Adaptation or Pathology? 27 Frank D. Tikalsky, EdD Unresolved Grief and Mourning In Navajo Women 32 John K. Nagel, MD A Consideration of Constitutional Factors in Aggressivity 41 Sydney G. Margolin, MD Special Commentary 58 American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research Copyright: Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health Colorado School of Public Health/University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (www.ucdenver.edu/caianh) SYDNEY G. MARGOLIN, MD Aprl 2, 0 br , 8 In Apprtn f Sdn G. Mrln, M h fll dtn f American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research is ddtd t th r f Sdn G. Mrln, M. h rtl ntnd hrn lbrt r. Mrln ntrt n Arn Indn ppl nd thr ltr, h pn fr th Stht, nd h n pprtn f ltrl dtrnnt f bhvr. h ntnt f th ppr t hlln thnntr b nd p ntrtn tn. h prtn f rn f l nd ltrl dffrn n vltn nd trtnt f Arn Indn ndrd ntrl t thrpt rn rltnhp nd trtnt t. At t th thrpt trtll fltt th rpprprtn nd hnrn f prtnt pt f n ndvdl n rl nd hln trdtn. h n b fl fr Indn nd nnIndn ptnt l. I hp th rtl rv t tlt nd prv n vn f thnn nd tnn. Crtnl r. Mrln ht b bt rbrd n tr f h lt fr th dvr f th prvd nd ndrtd. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research Copyright: Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health Colorado School of Public Health/University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (www.ucdenver.edu/caianh) EIOIA r. Sdn Mrln n ntrtn nd plx prn. rllnt nd rv, h xptd rt dl f hlf—nd th rnd h. A rlt, h rprntd n dffrnt thn t dffrnt ppl. n f ntrtn d, dvr ntrt, nd prdxl prptv. phl prn ndn, h v hpntll rnnt, nd h brn r, ntn, nd prfnl. Sdn prfnl rr r nd plhnt p fr thlv. rl r dpl rtd n trdtnl phnl th n ndvdl ntrph f. hn, thrh th n f phnlt thd nd hpnt thn, h dlvd dp nt pht dn rrh, hr h n b td th npt f phl rrn n ldptv rpn t tr nd nlt thrp. nll, thrh h r th Arn Indn nd pn, h pnd th rn f h ntrt nd td t nld ltrl dtrnnt f bhvr, nd h pltd n thd f ntrvntn . In h lnl r th ndvdl ptnt, Sdn hd th nnn blt t brv nd ndrtnd thn tht thr jt ntd. dnt vld th "prl" nd ht h dn n th rrd. At th t, h hd th nnn hbt, bth th tdnt nd ll, f nddl n xtl ht h thht. h hbt, bnd th h rltn t n n f th thr l nd frtrnl dn f d, t ld t h bn prvd thn f vr. r. Mrln t f pn t th bndr f nvntn nd th ptd d r rfltd n h r n thr . ntd tht h tdnt dfn thr tr nd rfd t ll th rtrt nt th nvnn f phnlt jrn. nrd th t rd rnl r trl nd htr ppr, blvn tht th phnnl drptn f pnr n th fld— rd, llr, Krpln, t.—r fllr, rhr, nd r rt thn ntprr rtr h h ptd f trn t ft lnl dt nt prnvd dnt tr. On f th ntl th n Sdn lf nd r th ntn tht th rlt nd lf f ptnt nd thr prbl r rhr, r ntrtn, nd r plx thn ld b npd r dfnd b n thrtl frr. hnl prvdd rl th thd nd tl fr xplrn th nhrtd rn f hn phll xprn nd bhvr. Sdn flt trnl bt pn phtr nd phnl frl nhrd n dl phl hn, h n hvr brtr. lbrtr flld th plrph, vdtp nd nd pnt, nd thr phttd ltrn dtr. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research Copyright: Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health Colorado School of Public Health/University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (www.ucdenver.edu/caianh) 3 Sdn hd n ntn rt bt nl ppl nd n hn prbl. Indvdl ffrn tt, vr phb, dtrbn dtv phnn, nd ltpl prnlt r n th td tht h hd vdtpd. ntrtd n th rt f hln pr nd xprn n th hn ph. nldd htrl nhp th prt nd hn f thr ltr. ht t pprt th hnt bnth prt vtnt nd hn . In th , h hnrd th hln trdtn f Arn Indn. In h r th Arn Indn, Sdn pprtd " n th d hrt." d t prnt h bt lf—r, nr, nd nd— n th hnt, nprtnt nvrn f th rrvtn, fr th pttv plxt f th "vlzd" d nt. In nd rnd th d nt, Sdn r h prfnl dnr t f th t, ld lttn th r prnl d f h ntr. At h th h dvtd f, hld phtrtphnlt, Grtl thn, M, h hd r rlxd, prnl d. Al, ll nd trvl d t ll fr th rn f h r prnl lf. Sdl, Sdn nvr pltd th b h hd xprd btn t rt. prpd b n hpn, pht dn, nd thnphtr nvr trlzd. Sdn hlth fld h n th lt r f h lf. h rtr f th rtl ntnd hrn—rn ll, h, brt th, M, nd hn K. l, M—r ll rtl nflnd prnll nd prfnll b r. Mrln. Othr, nldn hld phtrt, ll Stnn, M, f Snt , Mx, nd Elzbth Kblr, M, r n th nrd nd nprd b Sdn Mrln nfln. h dtn f th rnl f th tnl Cntr ddtd n rttd t Sdn r nd nprtn. hn K. l, M Gt Edtr American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research Copyright: Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health Colorado School of Public Health/University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (www.ucdenver.edu/caianh) IOSKEC Sdn G. Mrln, M, rfr Ert f htr, Unvrt f Clrd Shl f Mdn, prtnt f htr, dd br , 8 t h h ftr prlnd th hptt nd lvr nr.