jif{M $!÷vol. 41 cÍM @÷No. 2 @)&& c;f/ -July, 2020_ lghfdtL ;]jf klqsf jif{M $! c°M @ @)&& c;f/ lghfdtL ;]jf klqsf nf]s ;]jf cfof]u cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}++ kf]i6 jS; g+= *(&(, km\ofS;M (&&–!–$&&!$() kmf]g g+= M $&&!$**, $&&!$($, $&&!%@* E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.psc.gov.np ISSN-2091-0533 n]v /rgfsf] nflu cg'/f]w o; cfof]uaf6 cw{jflif{s ¿kdf k|sflzt x'g] lghfdlt ;]jf klqsfdf n]v /rgf k|sflzt u/fpg rfxg] n]vs dxfg'efjx¿nfO{ cfof]udf k|fKt x'g] u/L n]v /rgf k7fpg xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jf ;DjGwL ljljw kIf, cfly{s ultljlw / of]hgfj4 ljsf;;Fu ;Da4 df}lns, vf]hk"0f{, ljrf/ k|wfg tyf cg';Gwfgd"ns ljifo ;dfj]z ePsf n]v /rgfx¿ k|sfzgsf] lgldQ u|fx\o x'g]5g\ . k|sfzgfy{ k7fOg] n]v /rgfsf] ;'?df ;f/f+z, cGTodf lgisif{ / n]vdf k|of]u ePsf ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx¿ ;+nUg ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 . o; klqsfdf k|sfzgsf] nflu k7fOPsf n]v /rgfx¿ cGoq k|sfzg ug'{k/]df k|sfzssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng'kg]{5 . klqsfdf k|sfzgfy{ k|fKt n]v /rgfx¿ :jLsf/ ug]{ jf gug]{ clwsf/ ;Dkfbs d08ndf /xg]5 . o; klqsfdf k|sflzt x'g] n]vx¿df JoQm ul/Psf ljrf/x¿ n]vssf lghL ljrf/ ePsf x'gfn] tL n]vx¿n] n]vs sfo{/t jf n]v k|sfzg ug]{ lgsfosf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ 5}g . ;Dkfbs d08n a|xd b]j /fo dfggLo ;b:o cWoIf uLtf s'df/L xf]d]ufO{ ;x–;lrj ;b:o b]jLk|;fb ;'j]bL pk;lrj ;b:o gf/fo0f k|;fb kf]v/]n zfvf clws[t ;b:o ;lrj of]Uotfof]Uotfof]Uotf lgikIftflgikIftflgikIftf :jR5tf:jR5tf:jR5tf lghfdtL ;]jf klqsf ;f7Lcf};f7Lcf} “ “ jflif{sCIVILjflif{s SERVICE k|ltj]bg k|ltj]bg JOURNAL -@)&%-@)&% >fj0f >fj0f – @)&^– @)&^ cfiff9_ cfiff9_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]u PUBLICnf]s SERVICEnf]s ;]jf ;]jf cfof]u COMMISSIONcfof]u cgfdgu/,cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}+, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn g]kfn http://www.psc.gov.nphttp://www.psc.gov.np ;DkfbsLo lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ 5gf}6 u/L l;kmfl/; ug]{ tyf ;'/Iff lgsfo / ;+ul7t ;+:yfx¿sf] lnlvt k/LIff ;~rfng ug]{ ;+j}wflgs clwsf/ k|fKt nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] :jtGq, lgikIf / t6:y ?kdf cfkm\gf] sfo{;Dkfbg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . cfof]u :yfkgfsfnb]vL xfn;Dd ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] cfzf / e/f];fsf] s]Gb|sf] ?kdf /xL cfPsf] 5 . oxL ljZjf;sf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfo{ lhDd]jf/L ;d]t yk u/]sf] 5 . d'n's ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fdf /x]sf] jt{dfg ;Gbe{df ;Dk"0f{ lghfdtL sd{rf/L tyf cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] cfzf / e/f];fsf] s]Gb|ljGb'df /xL cfˆgf] cleefjsTj lgjf{x ug{ Pj+ :yfkgfsfn b]lvsf] ljZjf; ;d]tnfO{ hf]ufO{ /fVg cfof]u ;fd' r'gf}tL ylkPsf] 5 . k|:t't c+sdf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf, lghfdtL k|zf;g tyf ljsf; k|zf;g;Fu ;DalGwt n]vx¿ /x]sf] 5g\ / o;af6 cg';Gwfgstf{, cWo]tf tyf ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfkgsf ljifodf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;a}nfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o; klqsfnfO{ cem pTs[i6 agfpg kf7sju{af6 ;'emfj tyf k[i7kf]if0fsf] c]kIff ub{5f}+ . klqsfsf] nflu n]v /rgf pknAw agfpg kf7sju{af6 ;'emfj tyf k[i7kf]if0fsf] ck]Iff ub{5f}+ . klqsfsf] nflu n]v /rgf pknAw u/fO{ ;xof]u ug'{x'g] ljåfg n]vsx¿k|lt s[t1tf k|s6 ub}{ cfufdL lbgx¿df ;d]t o:t} ;xof]u k|fKt x'g]df ljZj:t 5f}+ . ;Dkfbs d08n ljifo ;"rL qm=;+= lzif{s n]vs k]h g+= ! cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f k|]d k|;fb kf}8]n ! @ g]kfnsf] ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gdf Jofj;flostf 8f= gf/fo0f k|;fb /]UdL @) # ;fy{s hLjg / k|efjsf/L ;]jfsf s]xL ;Gbe{x¿ g]q ;'j]bL …k|of;Ú @( $ g]kfn / ef/tsf] ;+3Lo ah]6sf] t'ngfTds ljZn]if0f z+s/ k|;fb clwsf/L #^ % k|zf;lgs lg?k0f k|0ffnLsf] dxTj / pkof]u nIdL ljnf; sf]O/fnf $@ ^ ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] kbk"lt{df nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] e"ldsf ;"o{k|;fb ;fksf]6f $& & /fHo k'g;{+/rgfsf] ;Gbe{df /fhgLlt / k|zf;gsf] ljlgdf{0f 8f=nf]saxfb'/ nf]Krg %# * ;fj{hlgs ljQ kl/rfngdf kf/bzL{ k|lqmofsf] cjnDag ls;g l;+x a:g]t ^! ( ljQLo ;+3Lotfsf] sfof{Gjog txdf ljQLo ;'zf;g ledfh'{g 1jfnL ^& !) ;+lxtf sfg"gM d'n'sL b]jfgL ;+lxtfsf ljz]iftf p4jk|;fb k'8f;}gL ;Demgf l;Dv8f *@ !! ljsf;df gful/s ;+nUgtf / g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{ ?kgf/fo0f vltj8f ** !@ ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf pQ/bfloTjsf] ckl/xfo{tf eLd/fh pk|]tL ($ !# a]?h"M sf/0f, k|efj / ;'wf/sf kIfx¿ 6Lsfgfy cof{n !)) !$ lbuf] ljsf;sf] cfofdM o;sf] jt{dfg cj:yf / r'gf}tLx¿ eljZj/ l3ld/] !!* !% Public-Public-Partnerships in Federal Nepal Shiva Kumar Karki !@* !^ Identifying the Role of Paddy in the Economic Development of Nepal Udaya Rana Magar !#% !& Aspects of Public Administration and Postmodern Public Administration Dr. Hari Prasad Adhikari !$# !* Practice of Local Level Planning in Nepal: A Milestone for Demand-Driven Governance Dr. Narayan Bahadur Thapa !$* !( Intergovernmental Relation in Federal Structure in Nepal Dharmaraj Rokaya !%( @) Good Governance and its Relevance in COVID-19 Dr. Aswasthama Bhakta Kharel !&! @! The Impact of the Employee's Motivation on the Organizational Growth: A Review of Contemporary Issues Basu Dev Lamichhane !*! @@ Governance and Social Performance of Cooperatives Ram Chandra Poudel !(@ @# Strengthening Social Protection in Nepal: Some Key Considerations Shyam Dahal !(^ lghfdtL ;]jf klqsf @)&& c;f/ cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f k|]dk|;fb kf}8]n ;f/f+z cy{zf:qsf lktfsf] ?kdf kl/lrt cfbd l:dy -Adam Smith_ n] ;g\ !&&^ df k|sflzt k':ts The Wealth of Nations df cy{Joj:yfdf ;/sf/L x:tIf]k x'g'x'b}g eGg] dfGotf cl3 ;f/]sf lyP . pBf]u, Joj;fodf s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] gfkmfsf nflu /ftlbg d]xgt ub{5, gjl;h{gf ub{5, hf]lvd df]Nb5, ahf/df a:t' jf ;]jfsf] laqmLsf] nflu k|lt:kwf{ ub{5 . o;n] ;/sf/ / pkef]Stf b'a} nfeflGjt x'G5g\ . ;/sf/L If]qdf o:tf s'/f sd} kfOG5g\ . of] pgsf] cjwf/0ffnO{ r'gf}tL lbg] cy{zf:qL jf bfz{lgs em§ b]vf kg{ ;s]gg\ . pbf/ cy{tGqdf cfly{s lg0f{o lng JolQm :jtGq x'G5 . dfu / cfk"lt{n] cy{tGq lgodg ub{5, /fHosf] lgoGq0f v's'nf] x'G5 . s'g} klg ;/sf/L x:tIf]k ljgf hlt ;Sof] a9L ahf/n] :jtGq ?kn] sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf x'g] u/L cjnDag ul/Psf gLltx? g} pbf/ Pj+ v'nf gLltx? x'g . cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fsf] dxTjk"0f{ dfgssf] ?kdf /x]sf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ If]q a}lͪ If]q xf] . g]kfnsf] jt{dfg cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ /fVbf lghL nufgLdf j}+sx? :Yffkgf / ;~rfngsf] af9L g} cfPsf] kfpg ;lsG5 . eG;f/ :jb]zL pBf]u ;+/If0fsf] d'Vo cfwf/ aGg'kb{5 eGg] dfGotfsf] ljsf; ljutdf ePs} xf] . /fHosf] ;+/If0fn] pBf]ux? k|lt:kwL{ aGg'kg]{ xf] t/ To;f] x'g ;s]g . s'g} jfb jf l;4fGtsf] cGwfg's/0feGbf b]zsf] df6f] cg's"n o;sf] k|of]u cfjZos x'G5 . v'nf cy{tGqn] cy{tGqnfO{ k|lt:kwL{ agfpF5, k|lt:kwf{n] nfut 36fpF5, nfut 36\bf k|lt:kwL{ Ifdtf a9\g hfG5 . o;n] cfljisf/nfO{ a9fjf lbg'sf ;fy} pkef]StfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d dfG5, nfeflGjt agfpF5 . cfly{s ljsf;df lghLIf]qsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf a9fpF5 . To;}n] cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] ls xf]Og eGg] s'/f ax;sf] ljifo x'b}xf]Og, a? o;af6 clwstd nfe s;/L lng] eGg] ljifo ax;sf] ljifo aGg ;Sb5 . g]kfndf cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fsf] gLltsf] cjnDagn] u}/s[lif If]qsf lqmofsnfkdf a9f]Q/L cfPsf] 5 . ljQLo If]qdf ePsf] ;'wf/sf sf/0f k|lt:kwf{ / sfo{s'zntf a9]sf] 5 . ljs6 If]q;Dd ljQLo kx'Fr k'Ug'sf] ;fy} ljQLo If]qsf cfw'lgs ;'ljwf / pks/0fsf] kx'Fr / k|of]udf ;d]t a[l4 e} ;j{;fwf/0f nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . s"n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf ;]jf If]qsf] of]ubfg a9]sf] 5 . lgolGqt cy{Joj:yf ca g]kfndf ;Dej 5}g . v'nf, pbf/ Pj+ jhf/d'vL cy{tGq g} clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] . k[i7e"ld cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f cy{zf:qsf] If]qdf gofF ljifo xf]Og . cy{zf:qsf lktfsf] ?kdf kl/lrt cfbd l:dy -Adam Smith_ n] ;g\ !&&^ df k|sflzt k':ts The Wealth of Nations df cy{Joj:yfdf ;/sf/L x:tIf]k x'g'x'b}g eGg] dfGotf cl3 ;f/]sf lyP . pBf]u, Joj;fodf s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] gfkmfsf nflu /ftlbg d]xgt ub{5, gjl;h{gf ub{5, hf]lvd df]Nb5, ahf/df a:t' jf ;]jfsf] laqmLsf] nflu k|lt:kwf{ ub{5 . o;n] ;/sf/ / pkef]Stf b'a} nfeflGjt x'G5g\ . ;/sf/L If]qdf o:tf ;x ;lrj, nf]s ;]jf cfof]u 1 lghfdtL ;]jf klqsf @)&& c;f/ s'/f sd} kfOG5g\ .