DOCUMENT ED 112 434 CS, 202 293 . TITLE Perk Up Your Gr4mmar; Workshop in Effective English. A '' INSTITUTION Civil Serqce Commiss1on,Washington, D.C. Communications and Office Skills Training Center. t BUB DATE . 75' , NOTE 202p. EDRS PRICE ME-$0.76 BC-$10.78.Plus'Postage ., DESCRIPTORS Adjectives; Adult Education; EngfisivInstruction; *Grammar; Instructional Materials; Manuals; Piragraphs; Sentence Struture;%Technical EducatiOn; 4 *Technical Writing; Verbs; Workshops; *Writing . Skills , , . ABSTRACT This workshopguide is designed to help civil service students both learn to use good grammar and develop their technical writing skills. Discussed, are such topics as nouns, gender, number, person, and case, appositive's, pronouns, mood, verbs, (transitive and intransitive), adjectives ana Adverbs, comparisons, articles, ionjunctionS, infinitiVes, gerunds, participles, commas, punctuation, hyphenation, phrues, clauses, sentences, parallelism, colloquiilisms, editing; dictionary, and'prefixes and suffixes. (TS) f 0 ****44***,*************************************A********************4*** * DOCuments acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * *.materials not available, from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * ,* to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this `affects the quO.ity * * of the.microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). BUS is not * responsible for the quality of the originardocument. Reproductions.* * supplied by EDRS are the best that, can be made from the original. * *********************************************************************** .... 6411.4141410.....-6-6.'6%%% X%%%%%*: r ..41.1640,.O...... i......1:::::::""" 14 .40010004000060 .111 66.668.0.10.000..04O0.0.41.411 0 6 . 0 .0 41.. .6 . US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. .6 .06000.604 vEOUCATION I WELFARE . 0,.e000. .00064,4006#0, .4 ...0. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ....r., ..0.6 :..... ow.4,1000000410eoe 0 ... .... EDUCATION 0 000.0.41,. ;000{04 1 .....1.. THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN RE eR O. 16 ..6 ...I %6. .6 .6. DUCED EXACTLt AS RECEIVED FROM, ........ 74. THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN- .7,?....;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;.*: .....1.... 0 00.2,.rl 4466. ...00.006.11........1... ATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS . 40.00.606.66006.4160.0000.00..a..... .. .000.06.046044 6060.060" J.. STATED. DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFFICIALS NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF .................06004 41 EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. 64.0.0666.0.'40,046..6.60.04 .......:.614.4, 11 , 4111F' ...44 0 44... 440.66441.......0w4040-4400041,06 .00004.64.0.000041.0.60.0.000414 Ile6. 0. 4 0000e 000,00.47.0.0000000.0000.00.. 0:44 .,0 01! adjeCtives 0 0 0 41 1s. O 01646 60 6 0.. 0 . 41006.0.0.670.6.....0.6...0.0.0)0.0.070.04 .. 11 1111 0 do 06000 00.0641.6 .640060.004e .044406004 6 .0. I a.... adverbs ..0 . 600.000...064406.0.64,6606c6061400 0004 40.004pee0.0.00e4.000800000000Seie00 r ,.4 0. N. 6. 0. 0'4.. 0. 0. 0. 6. 6. 6. 0. P. 4. .... .... verbs - prepositions 0.000 000.40006406000.000.400600e41 . :,'70.0.07 . 411.f:77: . 004 00 .6006.000060000 . .. ... 4 . 0 .6 00 0641. 61..7.. 41.0 604o Ire 60 4104. 4 60 0.4 # 41,410 "conjunctions" 0 0 04 y . .0 0 WOO* e I, ..1.0 JP In, A 4a /100. Ile. 1 "or ' interjections! 4 .0.0 . 0. 0 114411 Perk .70. 0...:6 Ir P 1141. 1. ......6.# .... 4"g. 41e. e ee... tit!" ee. 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" . %.:.:." 0. 0.4. 001..0." : 0 . ..%.. 0. 0.. e e'. a . , . a 0060 .4 ' 7..0% 4/1 ' . 4, 40.40. ...0441'01111 0..6644....0.0004400004,.41.4441100,0004.041..00,4.041004. 0.....04e.00.044..06 WORKSHOP IN 04b,404.1111: EFFECTIVEENGLISH .-,600..e,!40 400,.........6.0'..e..0.1. 0000446.04.4w 00 40 A..ti. ".."..""::::::::::::::"0 ::::0.0.0.0.%%%%%. o0iW4.0,40400:1111 4 16404o00p::.0007:04.07:0706%0..........00.00.e.f.........:04..404 . PREPARED BY COMMUNICATIONS AND. OFFICE SKILLS TRAINING CENTE BUREAU OF TRAINING U.S: CIVIL ,SERVICE C9MMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. JULY,* 1971 Printed in 1975 by Government Printing Office TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGENo INTRODUCTION 1 EXPLANATION AND DIAGRAM. OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH 2-3 PRACTICE 4-5 NOUNS t 0. , . 8 Analyzing errors in substantives . *_-- Definition and kinds- . 9-10 Gender.... 10 Number.. r 11-14 Person and case.. 7 , 14 Practice: plurals and possesstvest. .................:......15-22 Capitalization .. 23-28 Appositives 29 -3O. Orfous noun functions. i 31-32 . PRONOyNS* Chart on pronoun. cases / 33 Problem pronouns 34 Subject-pronoun-verb agreement 35 Practice: pronouns;, case, and verbagreement 3649 ACTIONL , Analyzing errors in verbs 50 Definition . 51 . -51-53 Person and number , , Practice: Nouns, pronoun, and verbs 54 Practice: Subject-verb agreement 55-57 Practice: Using verbs .. 58-63 Voice 64-66 Mood... 67 Transitive and intransi ive . 68 Special ,types of verbs. , 68 Linktng verbs 1. 68-71 Lie, Lay, fit, Set, ise, Raise 72-76 Practice 77-78 7.)rt INFORMATION, PLEASE! r. "ADJECTIVES AND-ADVERBS Page No. 4 , Analyzing errors in modifiers.........................'.......... 0 a Degrees of comparison ,, :. .. % .' . ir -82 Practjc4: ,Using'mod;ifiers...... Squinting, misplaced, and dangling modifiers 5'1;,. V1-86 Articles - ', . ; '.. 87 o r -. C*1 PREPOSITIONS 1 P and conj4 notions... 88 'Prepositions andcase o. ,., . , ..''89, Practice The objective case in prepositional phr ses...,.:... '90 Idiomatic C4phrases ,91-94 P TIMESAVERS! CONJUNCTIONS . Definition and types- ' 95-10b Practite in using. conjunctions 301-102 INTERJECTIONS O VENTURE INTO V RBALS The infinitive.and itsuses 104-105. Subjects, objects, and complements of:the Infinitive 105 Splitting the infinitive " .. , .. 106 The gerund and-its uses 106 -107 , The participle-. , .. 107 Practice: Recognizing gerunds, participles, and infinitives... 108. Use of the possessive pronoun preceding the gerund '109 -° Practice 11, TRAFFIC SIGNS AND.SIGNALS Page No. e . .PunctuatiQn principles 113-119 Practice: -Comas 120 Practice: Punctuationand capitilization 121 Abbreviations . 12271125c24 Practice: Hyphenation UV- Numerals /126-1"28 Practice: Dealing with numbers 129 Practice:, An Ehglish usage and punctuation* 'checkup ... 130 PA Comedy of Errors" by Maxwell Abrnberg 131-134 a. -SENTENCE ENGINEERING Phrases -2,135-137 Clauses 137 -144 Sentences ,) Practice , 148-149- 150 -1.51 So You Write .> 1 . BETTER -PARAGRAPHS . Definition of a paragraph, the topic sentence, and the{ controlling idea 152 Exercise in paragraph unity ,153, Coherence in paragraphs ,Transitional. words and echo words 153-Y54 Practicev, Organize the paragraph 155 ; v Parallelism 4 156 STYLE. Hints for improving your style of writing 157 Colloquialisms 158 Practice: Parallel construction 159-160- 160a-160o - Editing Problems and. Case Studies 0 WORDS -FRAGILE-HANDLE WITH CARE Learn to use the dictionary 161 ., .. 162 Word usage and.abusage '* "Even Your Best Friend, Won't Till You" by Maxwell Nurnberg., 163 164-165 Practice in word usage '. 4 . iii 6 STOP! LOOK! LISTEN! Page No. Spelling--the 1E, EI rules 166-167 Final Y rules , '167468 FiniIrrules 168-169 Double final consonant-rule 169-170 Additional notes .. ,. ,, , 170 i'" Prefixes and suffixes........ Preferred and difficult spellings of words.taken from'the GPO Style Manual 1711172 Suffixes ABLE and IB1E 172, CEED; CEDEar SEUL" . .. 173 The-neWil vowel 17k 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 174-175 - IV k INTRODUCTION. "Grammar,which knows how\tO, control eiten_kings.,!. Les: Femmes Savantes (1672)/ Act,II,.Scene'6 . What is grammar? Grammar is theostudy of the way a language-js used GraMmar comeS'AftO.a system of language has been ettab-. :lished; In otherwords, gramMar it simply structure or a study. Of the way a language. works The Ehglish language has more native speakersthan any other language in the world except Chinese. English is a require4 language in nearly every school system 'In the world. Since 2 language, changes consthntly, it does not die. As James Donald Adams wrote, in the Magic Mystery of Words', "Language is like quicksilyer or alchemy, changfng baser metats.to better, and vice versa.'; 1 I z PATS-OF SPEECH Every word..in the EngLish language must perform one of five functionS: naming, asserting, modifying, connecting, ex- claiming.g. The naming words are called nouns and pronouns; the, asserting words, verbs; the modifying words, adjectives and adverbs; the connecting words, preRositions.and conjunctions; the exclaiming words. interjections.' Examine carefully the following sentence from Shakespeare's Hamlet: "0;:that this too too solid flesh woudielt, . Thaw, and resoive itself into,a.dewl' ili In.-ifhis sentence all eight parts of speech ail illustrated. Nouns : flesh, dew. Pronoun: itself. A .Verbs: would, melt, thaw, resolve: Adjectives: this, solid, Adverbs: too, too. Preposition: into. Conjunctions.: 'that, and. N. Interjection: 0. At first glance, some words seem to belong to certain parts of speech and to no others. Some of them, however, are interchangeable.