Institute for High Energy Physics NRC «Kurchatov Institute» FacilityFacility forfor IntenseIntense HadronHadron BeamsBeams Protvino, 2013 Contents Page Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 2 This extended Letter of Intent “Facility for Intense Hadron Beams” aims to construct a large World class multipurpose accelerator facility 1 The U-70 Accelerator ................................................................................................................... 5 with megawatt power proton beams in the energy range from 100 MeV 1.1 Basic Parameters .................................................................................................................. 5 to 70 GeV. 1.2 Upgrade Plans ...................................................................................................................... 7 The new facility will allow to conduct on a multi-user basis a comprehensive research program including study the fundamental 2 High Intensity Accelerators to be Developed ............................................................................... 9 properties of matter and also the investigation of substances, materials 2.1 Linear Accelerators ................................................................................................................. 9 and object’s properties at nanometer and subnanometer scale. 2.2 Rapid Cycling Proton Synchrotron ......................................................................................... 12 This revised LoI has been prepared by IHEP, Protvino and collaborating 2.3 Top Beam Power at Exit from the U-70 ................................................................................... 19 Russian institutes with account for the progress made in 2011–2013. 3 The U-70 Intense Beams ............................................................................................................ 22 3.1 Research Directions.............................................................................................................. 22 3.2 Neutrino Physics .................................................................................................................. 22 N.E.Tyurin, 3.3 Muon Physics ....................................................................................................................... 25 3.4 Hadrons ............................................................................................................................... 27 IHEP Director 4 Application of LU-400 and U-3.5 Beams .................................................................................... 29 4.1 Thermal and Cold Neutrons ................................................................................................... 29 4.2 Applied Research ................................................................................................................. 31 4.3 Studies of Fundamental Processes ........................................................................................ 32 5 Tentative Construction Schedule and Cost Estimations ............................................................ 33 6 Prospects for Further Development ........................................................................................... 36 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 37 2 Facility for Intense Hadron Beams Facility for Intense Hadron Beams 1 facility and the innovative technologies at every construction of such a front level facility will stimulate particular project stage. The proposed facility will the development of a wide spectrum of advanced become the largest center for the common use in scientific investigations and technologies. Being one Russia. It will allow the experts from various fields of of the most advanced facilities (Figure 2) it should science to conduct advanced research programs. The attract the experts from Russia and other countries. Introduction • “Open architecture” and the opportunities for the development over a long-term perspective. • The new accelerator and experimental facilities The development of the elementary particle physics should become the ones of the common use and was marked by a cascade of discoveries based mainly should provide with the possibilities to conduct on the achievements in the accelerator physics and the first class research on a wide spectra of technologies. Discovery of the Standard Model Higgs applied and fundamental topics. boson at the LHC is the latest and most publicly known The core element of The OMEGA Project is a achievement. Today, the accelerators have become new cascade of high intensity accelerators with the the most important tools for both the fundamental and top proton beam energy of 3.5 GeV. This proposed applied studies. accelerator facility** will address the two major tasks: One of the leading tendencies in development • to provide fundamental and applied research of the proton accelerators is increase of the beam activities with the beams of GeV energy range intensities (power). There are already running facilities and the beam power above 1 MW; with beam power up to 1 MW, new accelerator facilities • to inject the higher intensity proton beams into with the beam power up to 5 MW are under design the U-70 accelerator to be further used for and facilities with the beam power up to 100 MW are fundamental research in particle physics. under consideration. The beam energy of megawatt The OMEGA Project also foresees construction power facilities varies from tens of MeV to hundreds of of the pulsed spallation neutron source utilizing GeV. Such facilities are requested by fundamental and the 3.5 GeV and 1.1 MW proton beam (the study of applied studies, they enable the development of a variety biological structures, nanostructures, substances, of innovative technologies during their construction materials, objects). The potential of neutron studies phase as well as in the process of their use. with high intensity spallation source make The OMEGA It is proposed to construct at IHEP the “Facility for Facility complementary to the synchrotron radiation Intense Hadron Beams”* yielding megawatt power facilities thus providing unique opportunities for a beams. comprehensive research. The proposal is based on the following design Moreover, such a proton beam can be used grounds: for investigations in the field of nuclear physics, • Maintaining the working capacity of the existing radiation material science, to study accelerator driven 70 GeV accelerator U-70 and continuation of subcritical systems, to produce isotopes and also to Figure 1. Location of the Facility for Intense Hadron Beams. the ongoing projects at IHEP. study the fundamental processes using neutrons, It is located in north-western part of the IHEP site: • Lowering the technical risks under the project kaons, pions, muons and neutrinos (Figure 1). 1 – linear accelerator LU-400 (red color); realization, the use of modern but reliable and Higher energy and higher intensity of the protons 2 – rapid cycling synchrotron U-3.5 (red color); proven technologies. injected into the existing U-70 accelerator from 3 – neutrino beam (red color); • Sectioning the project flow into a few stages with the U-3.5 will result in a record intensity of the 70 4 – T1 – the neutron source target and experimental hall (pink color); the functional self-sufficiency and readiness for GeV protons and, respectively, will create the new 5-6 Т2 and Т3 – areas for experiments with high intensity beams (pink color); the practical use of each particular stage. possibilities for the fundamental studies as well as 7 – Existing building (blue color) is to be used for the technical support. Light-gray and yellow colors mark the • Integration with the existing infrastructure of open an opportunity for the future use of the UNK existing infrastructure. In the center – the U-70 ring. IHEP as well as with its research and technical infrastructure. Construction of the new accelerator facilities. complex will allow to further optimize the existing U-70 • Utmost use of the IHEP staff expertise. injection chain consisting of the linac I-100 and the • Consolidation of the Russian Accelerator 1.5 GeV booster synchrotron for the operation with the The IHEP territory is suggested as a construction • The IHEP location is convenient for a wide Laboratories around this megaproject on the light to medium nuclei. site for the new megaproject. This particular choice is participation of Russian and foreign users; basis of their particular scientific and technical Realization of The OMEGA Project will provide the determined by the following arguments: • IHEP has a sufficient territory for accommodation expertise and achievements. scientific community with the unique experimental • IHEP staff has a significant and unique expertise of the new facility; in construction, operation and development of • IHEP has a longstanding experience in the large accelerator facilities in Russia; international cooperation; * The conventional project name is “The OMEGA Project” • IHEP has in some cases unique technological • The OMEGA Project will allow to extend the ** In what follows the use is made of the conventions: and production potential; potential of the existing U-70 accelerator - Facility for Intense Hadron Beams - The OMEGA Project, includes «everything» (accelerators and high intensity beams